1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING I SUMMER 2011 6.01 Apply operators and Boolean expressions

2. Objective/Essential Standard Essential Standard: 6.00- Apply Conditional Logic Indicator: 6.01 Apply operators and Boolean expressions. (3%)

3. Operators What are operators?  Welcome back to Math class!  Operators are the symbols we use for performing math. You have used them since early in life. There are several types of operators. Basic Math operators, Boolean/Comparison Operators. We will use all of these in programing. For now let’s look at the math operators.

4. Basic Math Operators These you are familiar with: + (add), - (subtract) / (divide) * (multiply) ^ (Exponents) New Math operators include: \ integer divide - returns the whole of the division. Mod (Modulus division) - returns the remainder of the division.

5. Samples of Math with various Operators Addition +  intNumber = num1 + num2 Subtraction –  intNumber = num1 - 50 Multiplication *  intNumber = num1 * num2 Division /  intNumber = 51 / num2 Integer Division \  intNumber = 51 \ num2 Modulus Mod  intNumber = 5 mod 2 Exponents ^  intNumber = 5^3‘5 cubed

6. Operators of Operations Just as in math, Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally describes the precedence applied to math in programming  Parentheses  Exponents  Multiply  Divide (NOTE: Division will be complete in the order in which it appears in the problem, no ranking with division types.)  Add  Subtract

7. Examples Using Familiar Operators OperatorExampledblResult +dblResult = 3 + 47 -dblResult = 4 – 31 *dblResult = 3 * 412 *, +dblResult = 3 * 4 + 517 *, +, ()dblResult = 3 * (4 + 5)27 ^, *dblResult = 2^3 * 648

8. Reading in Numbers Remember that a TextBox returns a String. Visual Studio will automatically “convert” this for you; however, it is good programming style to explicitly convert the string to a number. Use the Convert Method that is part of the System class. You should use the Convert methods when you are bringing in numeric input to use for “math” from now on.

9. Converting Strings to Numbers MethodPurposeExample ToInt16(String)Converts the specified string representation of a number to an equivalent 16-bit signed integer. intNum = Convert.ToInt16(strInput) ToDouble(StringConverts the specified string representation of a number to an equivalent double- precision floating-point number. dblNum = Convert.ToDouble(strInput) There are other Convert methods as well. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en- us/library/system.convert_methods.aspx

10. Division Operators Regular division  Rounds the decimal portion if assigned to an integer.  This is the division with which you are most familiar. Integer division  cuts off the decimal portion and returns the integer ( \ ) Modulus division  returns the remainder resulting form the division (mod)

11. Integer division 19 \ 5 = 3 You may be a little confused these new types of divisions but it is really simple. Anytime you divide a number into another number the answer returned is the whole part of the quotient.

12. Modular division 19 \ 5 = 3 Modular Division is about finding the remainder Anytime you divide a number into another number the answer returned is the remainder part of the quotient. Divisor 5 19 Dividend 3 R 4 Quotient 15 4 Remainder

13. Sample Program Write a program that will accept 2 numbers and perform regular division, integer division and mod division based on the button clicked.

14. Sample Code Dim intx As Integer = Convert.ToInt16(txtdividend.Text) Dim intd As Integer = Convert.ToInt16(txtdivisor.Text) Dim inta, intb, intc As Integer inta = intx / intd intb = intx \ intd intc = intx Mod intd Lbloutput.Text = intx.ToString & "/" & intd.ToString & " is " & inta.ToString & vbCrLf & intx.ToString & "\" & intd.ToString & " is " & intb.ToString & vbCrLf & "And" & vbCrLf & intx.ToString & " Mod " & intd.ToString & " Is " & intc.ToString

15. Division Operators Example: Dim x As Integer = 18 ‘sets x = 18 Dim a, b, c As Integer ‘sets variable a, b and c_ ‘as an integer Notice that: a = x / 4 ‘a is 4.5 so a is assigned 5 because of rounding b = x \ 4 ‘b is assigned 4 c = x mod 4 ‘c is assigned 2

16. Relational Operators Used to create a Boolean expression  One that evaluates to True or False  You have seen these also. Remember > greater than < less than >= greater than or equal to <= less than or equal to = equal <> do not equal

17. Writing Boolean Expressions Relational OperatorBoolean ExpressionResult >, intNum = 4intNum > 6False >, intNum = 8intNum > 6True <, intNum = 7intNum < 10True >=, intNum = 6intNum >= 6True <=, intNum = 6intNum <= 6True <>, intNum = 6intNum <> 6False Below is an deskcheck (table of possible outputs):

18. Sample Program Write a program that will accept 2 numbers and perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or mod division based on the button clicked.

19. Sample Code Private Sub btnAdd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnAdd.Click Dim decNum1, decNum2, decResult As Decimal decNum1 = txtNum1.Text decNum2 = txtNum2.Text decResult = decNum1 + decNum2 lblResult.Text = decResult.ToString() End Sub

20. Wrap Up In this short PowerPoint we looked at some of the different operators can be used in Visual Basic Please continue to 6.02 which introduces decision making statements.