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Published bySibyl Austin Modified over 9 years ago
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Acceleration
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Acceleration The rate at which velocity changes *** velocity is a combination of speed and direction. Acceleration can be change in speed, change in direction, or changes in both. Acceleration is a vector ***vector is a number that has magnitude and direction
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Change in Speed This change may be due to either an increase or a decrease in speed Positive: increasing change in speed Negative: decreasing change in speed
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Free Fall Movement of an object toward Earth solely because of gravity Due to change in speed Rate of change in speed is 9.8 meters per second per second (9.8 m/s 2 )
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Changes in Direction Acceleration may be due to its direction constantly changing even though it is traveling at constant speed Ex: horse on a carousel A horse on the carousel is traveling at a constant speed, but it is accelerating because its direction is constantly changing.
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Changes in Speed and Direction Sometimes motion is changing in both speed and direction at the same time Ex. Roller CoasterRoller Coaster
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Constant Acceleration A steady change in velocity An airplane’s acceleration may be constant during a portion of its takeoff.
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Calculating Acceleration Rate at which velocity changes V i is the initial velocity, v f is the final velocity, and t is total time. If the velocity increases, the acceleration is positive. If the velocity decreases, the acceleration is negative.
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Calculating Acceleration 1. A ball rolls down a ramp, starting from rest. After 2 seconds, its velocity is 6 meters per second. What is the acceleration of the ball?
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Calculating Acceleration 2. A car traveling at 10 m/s starts to decelerate steadily. It comes to a complete stop in 20 seconds. What is its acceleration?
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Calculating Acceleration 3. An airplane travels down a runway for 4.0 seconds with an acceleration of 9.0 m/s 2. What is its change in velocity during this time?
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Calculating Acceleration 4. A child drops a ball from a bridge. The ball strikes the water under the bridge 2.0 seconds later. What is the velocity of the ball when it strikes the water?
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Acceleration Graphs Acceleration is the slope of a speed-time graph The slope is change in speed divided by time
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Speed VS Time The skier’s acceleration is positive. The acceleration is 4 m/s 2.
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Speed VS Time The biker moves at a constant speed and then slows to a stop.
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Distance VS Time Accelerated motion is represented by a curved line on a distance-time graph. In a nonlinear graph, a curve connects the data points that are plotted.
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Instantaneous Acceleration Instantaneous acceleration is how fast a velocity is changing at a specific instant.
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