3.  What is a democracy?  What does a democracy look like?

4. Democracy is.. A system of government in which citizens: Vote for their leaders Have specific rights and responsibilities We get democracy from many sources

6. The ancient Greeks : In Athens, citizens voting for their leaders became common “Civic virtue” became important to many philosophers.

10. Athenian Government & Law 8 th century Monarchy 7 th century Oligarchy 6 th century Tyranny 5 th century Democracy 621 BC Draco 560 BC Pisistratus the Tyrant 507 BC Cleisthenes the Democrat Citizen Assembly Archons Aereopagus Council of 400 Council of 500 Court of Appeals Male landowners All Freemen 594 BC Solon the Reformer - citizens (30+) - 1 year term - 2 term limit - paid - chosen by... Lottery

11. What influence from ancient Greece can we see on our U.S. government?

13. The ancient Romans : Developed the “rule of law” common to all citizens throughout the empire Developed advanced forms of representative government, before evolving in to a dictatorship.

16. Republican Form of Government

17. The Roman government was a republic.

18. In a republic, citizens can choose their leaders.

19. The republic was established in 509 B.C. and lasted nearly 500 years.

20. One difference between the Roman republic and the Greek democracy was that in Greece all men could vote, but in Rome, only men with money and property could vote.

21. Another difference between the Roman republic and the Greek democracy was that in Greece all men voted on every law and in Rome the wealthy elected representatives to make laws for everyone. Why?

22. This type of democracy is called a representative democracy.

23. How was the Roman government organized?

24. Since the Romans did not want one man to make all of the laws, they decided to balance the power of the government between three branches:

25. the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch.

26. Executive Branch

27. The two leaders of the executive branch, the consuls, were elected for just one year by the upper class.

28. They supervised the Senate and ordered the Roman army during wars.

29. Other members of the executive branch were the tax collectors, mayors, city police, and other people in positions of power in cities.

30. Legislative Branch

32. The most powerful part of the legislative branch was the Senate..

34. The Senate was a group of about 300 male citizens who owned land.

36. They could tell the consuls how much money they could spend and on what.

38. These men were appointed by the consuls.

40. Judicial Branch

41. The judicial branch had six judges who were elected every two years.

42. They were in charge of deciding punishments that criminals would receive.

43. Their job was similar to the job that judges have today in the United States.

44. Would I have been able to vote in Rome?

45. In ancient Rome, you were not allowed to vote on laws or elect leaders of the government until you were an adult.

46. Even then, only men who owned land were allowed to have a say in the laws.

47. The Roman Forum

48. The forum was the center of political, commercial and judicial life in ancient Rome. The largest buildings were the basilicas, where legal cases were heard.

51. 1 = Basilica Julia 2 = Temple of Saturn 3 = Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (on Capitoline hill) 4 = Tabularium (Archive Building) 5 = Temple of Vespasian 6 = Rostra 7 = Temple of Concord 8 = Triumphal Arch of Septimius Severus

52. What similarities do we see between the Roman government and our own? What influence did their architecture have on our government buildings?

53. The Bible: Hebrew prophets developed the idea of all people being equal, created in the image of God. The idea caring for the weaker members of society.

54. Religion and the U.S. Government

55. In what ways do we see Christian influences on our government (documents, monuments, etc.)?

56. The Magna Carta British Document King John forced to recognize his power was limited by the Barons First step toward limited government But WHY???

57. The Magna Carta

58. King John and the Magna Carta

59. Could the rich control the king? God fearing A good judge of character A good soldier Around the picture below, you can read some of the qualities which medieval people expected their king to have! Which three are the most important for a medieval king? Rich – but not greedy! Fit and strong Inspiring! Hardworking Brave Wise Firm – but fair!

60. King John manages to upset everyone!! The first king to give up some of his power was John. He is famous as Prince John in make believe stories of Robin Hood. In the stories he is a wicked and foolish prince who taxes the people of England unfairly. Some historians say John was just as foolish in real life. Others say he was simply unlucky! John ruled England from 1199 to 1216. He faced the following problems.

61. Problem Number 1 He quarrelled with the Pope about how to run the Church. From 1208 until 1213, the Pope banned all church services in England and English people feared that they would all go to HELL! Some Church leaders blamed John for the trouble.

62. Problem Number 2 John went to war twice against the French king. His army was badly beaten both times. He lost almost all the land that his father had gained in France!

63. Problem Number 3 John raised taxes in England to pay for the wars. This upset his BARONS! He ordered them to pay far more tax than earlier kings had done!

64. THINK! For how many years did the ban on church services last? Why do you think the barons gave John the nicknames “Softsword” and “Lackland”? Which of the three problems do you think upset the barons the most?

65. How did the barons strike back? In 1214 many barons rebelled against John. They believed that he could not rule the country properly and was treating them unfairly. If someone did not do something the whole country could be ruined! In 1215 the barons forced John to grant a charter, which was the first time anyone had expected an English king to obey a set of rules.

66. The Magna Carta I, King John, accept that I have to govern according to the law. So I agree: 1.Not to imprison nobles without trial 2.That trials must be in courts; not held in secret by me 3.To have fair taxation for the nobles 4.To let freemen travel wherever they like 5.Not to interfere in Church matters 6.Not to seize crops without paying for them …. and lot more things too!!

67. Think! What was so new about Magna Carta for English kings? At the time, Magna Carta was not designed to help everybody. What kind of people were not helped by the charter? How did the Magna Carta help lead the way for Democracy?

68. The Mayflower Compact

69. Influence of the House of Burgess of Virginia on the U.S. government

71.  The burgesses (representatives) from various locales, initially the larger plantations and later in Virginia history from the counties.  The House of Burgesses was empowered to enact legislation for the colony, but its actions were subject to veto by the governor, council and ultimately by the directors in London. Nevertheless, such a legislative body would have been unthinkable in the Spanish or French colonies of that day, which highlights the degree to which the concept of a limited monarchy had become accepted by the English people.  Voting for the burgesses was limited to landowning males over 17 years of age.  In 1624, Virginia became a royal colony. The House of Burgesses continued to meet, but its influence was severely restricted. Despite limitations on its actions, the assembly listed within its later ranks such notables as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, and would assume a major leadership role in the movement toward independence.

72.  The burgesses (representatives) from various locales, initially the larger plantations and later in Virginia history from the counties.  The House of Burgesses was empowered to enact legislation for the colony, but its actions were subject to veto by the governor, council and ultimately by the directors in London. Nevertheless, such a legislative body would have been unthinkable in the Spanish or French colonies of that day, which highlights the degree to which the concept of a limited monarchy had become accepted by the English people. Voting for the burgesses was limited to landowning males over 17 years of age.  In 1624, Virginia became a royal colony. The House of Burgesses continued to meet, but its influence was severely restricted. Despite limitations on its actions, the assembly listed within its later ranks such notables as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, and would assume a major leadership role in the movement toward independence.

73. 

74.  Economic theory that bases a nations wealth on the amount of gold and bullion in its treasury  Raw materials were exported from colonies in order for the mother country to make a profit  Each nation tried to have more goods coming in than going out. This was called a “favorable balance of trade.”

75.  A struggle between the British and the French. Colonists fought for the British, while the Native Americans fought for the French.  The British won, receiving all lands east of the Mississippi River, except new Orleans.  Colonists were not allowed to settle the land they helped win.  Colonists were taxed to pay the war cost.

77.  Currency Act  Quartering Act  Stamp Act  Townshend Act  Tea act

78.  In 1764, the Currency Act prohibited the colonists from issuing any legal tender paper money.  This Act unified the industrial North with the agricultural South once again.  The Currency Act threatened to destabilize the colonial economy.

79.  In May 1765, the Quartering Act went into effect.  This Act required that the colonists had to house British troops and supply them with food.

80.  Passed on March 22, 1765  This act would grant and apply stamp duties both in the British colonies and plantation of America.  These duties were to help compensate for the expenses that were incurred by defending, protecting and securing the colonists.  This Act required that the colonists had to purchase printed documents such as:  Deeds  Legal Documents  Marriage License (Licenses in general)  Newspapers  Bills  Almanacs  Pamphlets  Dice and Playing Cards

81.  These items would be issued on specially stamped paper that had to be purchased from stamp distributors.  The colonist were outraged by the imposition of this tax.  Colonists reactions were on occasion riotous. This was seen in a popular tactic used by the colonists in which they would threaten or attack the court appointed stamp commissioners (collectors).  Many were also threatened to be tarred and feathered, but none of the collectors were ever harmed in this way.  By November 1, 1765, the day the Stamp Act was to go into effect, there were no stamp commissioners left in the colonies.

82.  June 1767, Parliament passes the Townshend Revenue Acts.  Imposition of a new series of taxes or the colonists to offset costs of administering and protecting the American colonies.  Taxed items included:  Paper  Glass  Paints  Tea  Lead

83.  Went into effect on May 10, 1773.  A 3 penny per pound import tax on tax was imposed.  British East India Company had a tea monopoly and were underselling American merchants.