1. Ayub Khan Era
First Military Regime
And
The Second Republic

2. Introduction
The Ayub Martial Law opened a new era for the process of development and change in the politics of Pakistan

3. Failure of 1956 Constitution and advent of Martial Law by General Muhammad Ayub Khan

4. 1956 Constitution created a parliamentary democracy but failed because of many defects which are as follows:
PM was to be appointed by the president in his own discretion
President could dismiss the PM
Pakistan became prey to legitimacy crisis

5. Absence of leadership
Inexperienced politicians without support of majority
Unpopularity of The Muslim League
Emergence of many political parties
Political system based on personal and parochial lines.
There was no political conviction.

6. Advent of Ayub Khan and 1962 Constitution
Presidential system
Federal form with one unit
Uni-cameral legislature
Judiciary
Ideological council
Directive principles of state policy
Fundamental rights
BD system

7. BD System Division Council (16) Chairman: Commissioner
Members: Half elected and half officials
District Council (78)
Chairman: DC
Memebrs: Half elected and half official

8. Wards Rural: Thana or Tahsil Council Chairman: SDO/AC/ Tahsil officer
Members: Elected
Urban
Cantonment board
Chairman: officer
Members: half ( Ch. of comtt) half officers
Municipal committee
Members: half
( Ch. of comtt) half officers
Union Council or Town Committee
Chairman: Elected
Members: Elected
Union Committee
Members: Elected
Wards

9. 1962 Constitution: The second Republic

10. Administrative FunctionNA
President
Center PA
Governor
Province
Div Council
Commissioner
Division
Dist Council
Dy.Comm.
District
Tah/Union Council
AC/SDO
Sub-Division
Elected by BDs
Reporting to above authority

11. Strong centralized Autocratic Government
Not a Political State but an Administrative State
Downfall of Ayub Khan: Causes and Effects.

12. Conclusion