1. Cardiovascular System
Heart

3. Heart Location – Mediastinum Pericardial Sac Pericardial Cavity
Pericardial Fluid
Parietal Pericardium

6. Heart Wall Epicardium = Visceral Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium
Trabeculae carneae
Endocardium

9. Heart Chambers
Atria (Atrium)
Auricles
Interatrial septum

12. Heart Chambers
Ventricles
Interventricular septum
Coronary sulcus

15. Valves Atrioventricular (Tricuspid & Bicuspid) Semilunar
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Semilunar
Pulmonary
Aortic

20. Vessels Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Trunk (Arteries)
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta

24. Coronary Circulation Aorta Coronary arteries Myocardium Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium

26. Cardiac Muscle physiology
Myocardium
Automated excitement
No graded responses
No tetany
No anaerobic metabolism

28. Cardiac Muscle Striated, Involuntary Intercalated discs
Refractory period prevents tetany
Energy
ATP – aerobic metabolism
Coronary circulation providing O2

29. Excitation of cardiac muscle
Depolarization to threshold is spontaneous due to decreased outflow of K+
Sinoatrial node (SA)
Depolarizes every .8 sec. At rest
Depolarizes due to change in permeability
Pacemaker

31. Conduction Spread to both atria AV node (.1 sec. Delay)
AV Bundle (Bundle of His)
Purkinje = Conduction fibers
Myocardial cells of ventricle

34. Cardiac Cycle
Systole
RV = 30 mm Hg
LV = 120 mm Hg

36. Cardiac Cycle
Diastole

37. Time for cardiac cycle Entire cycle is .8 sec. Atrial systole .1 sec
Atrial diastole .7 sec
Ventricular systole .3 sec
Ventricular diastole .5 sec

38. Pressure Curves
Atrium
Ventricle
Aortic

41. Heart Sounds
S1 = AV valves closing
S2 = Semilunar valves closing

43. CARDIAC OUTPUT CO = HR x SV 5-6 liters/minute
70 beats/minute x 80 mls/beat

44. Cardiac Reserve Difference between maximum CO and resting CO
Can increase 700%!!

45. Heart Rate Control
Sympathetic Stimulation
Parasympathetic Stimulation

46. Stroke Volume Control SV = End-diastolic volume – End-systolic volume
Length of diastole
Venous Return

47. Stroke Volume Control End-systolic volume Frank-Starling Law
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

48. Factors influencing Cardiac Function
Cardiac Center in Brainstem
Exercise,Temperature
Ions (K, Ca, Na)
Sex
Age

49. Electrocardiogram EKG, ECG Leads P wave – atrial depolarization
QRS complex – ventricular depolarization
T wave - ventricular repolarization