2. Heart pumps over 2,500 gallons per day ¼ cup per beat 70-75 beats per minute Over 60,000 miles of blood vessels

3. Fig. 20.1(TE Art) Systemic circuit Pulmonary circuit CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 artery vein artery

4. Fig. 20.2a(TE Art) 2nd rib Sternum Diaphragm

5. aorta esophagus T8

6. Pericardial cavity

7. Fibrous pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium Epicardium = visceral pericardium + adipose

8. aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Auricle of left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Pulmonary artery Anterior View Pulmonary veins

9. aorta Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Pulmonary veins Posterior view

11. Chambers of the Heart 4 chambers –2 upper atria (atria = entry hall) (auricle = little ear) –2 lower ventricles (ventricles = little bellies) Auricle

12. Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Superior vena cava aorta R atrium R ventricle L ventricle L atrium

14. Pectinate muscle Papillary muscle Tendinous cords Trabeculae carneae Interventricular septum

15. Right atrium & ventricleLeft atrium & ventricle

17. Coronary sinus Coronary circulation L & R coronary artery = directly off aorta just distal to aortic valves Coronary sinus = drains into right atrium RCA LCA (Under auricle)

18. Fig. 20.12 Coronary artery disease (CAD) atherosclerosis

19. Myocardial infarction

20. By-pass Graft

21. Tricuspid valve Bicuspid or Mitral valve Pulmonary valve (semilunar valve) Aortic valve (semilunar valve)

22. Papillary muscle Chordae tendineae (tendinous cords)

23. Fig. 20.8a(TE Art) Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Openings to coronary arteries Left AV (bicuspid) valve Right AV (tricuspid) valve

24. Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat Diastole = relaxation Systole = contraction

25. Atrioventricular Valves Open Ventricular diastole (atrial pressure > ventricle pressure)

26. Atrioventricular Valves Close Murmurs - mitral valve prolapse, stenosis, insufficiency Rheumatic fever Ventricle systole Ventricle pressure > atrial pressure A-V valves close preventing backflow of blood into atria

27. Aortic valves Pulmonary valves

28. 1.What are the ventricles doing in A? 2.What are the ventricles doing in B? Valve Function Review A B

29. How does the heart beat?

30. Cardiac Cycle = 1 heartbeat AV valve closing = “lubb” Semilunar valves closing = “dupp”

31. Conduction System of Heart SA node – AV node – AV bundle of His (between ventricles) Heart block – arrhythmia - fibrillations

32. How does your heart rate change? Nervous control from the brain – sympathetic & parasympathetic Heart rate is also affected by hormones Drugs

33. Electrocardiogram---EKG EKG –Recording electrical currents in heart P wave – atrial contraction P to Q interval –time for impulse to travel from SA node to AV node QRS complex –ventricular contraction T wave – ventricular relaxation

34. Branching, intercalated discs with gap junctions, involuntary

36. Question for tomorrow – please think about this 1.What are the effects of heart failure in the right ventricle? 2.How is that different than heart failure in the left ventricle?