1. Biology 11/12/14 Mrs. Turgeon “ Regret for the things we did can be tempered by time; it is regret for the things we did not do that is inconsolable” – Sydney J. Harris SWBAT: 1. Describe 4 analogies for cell organelles DO NOW: 1. What is an analogy?

2. CELL ORGANELLES & FEATURES Chapter 7, Section 3

3. PLASMA MEMBRANE (p.175)  Membrane Lipids  Membrane Proteins  Cholesterol (lipid) in animals prevent membrane freezing in low temps

4.  Phospholipid Bilayer = designed so that the fatty acid tails (the part that doesn’t like water) are in the middle and the phosphate group heads (the part that likes water) face the inside & outside of the cell

5.  Membrane Proteins  1. Integral Proteins = proteins embedded in membrane  Surface markers  Receptors for chemical signals  Transport Proteins = move substances & waste materials through the plasma membrane  2. Peripheral Proteins = lie on one side of membrane, not embedded

7.  Fluid Mosaic Model  Phospholipid Bilayer E. behaves more as a fluid rather than a solid  Proteins & Lipids can move laterally  Constantly changing “mosaic” pattern  Membrane is selectively permeable, E. letting only certain materials in & out  http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/ memb.htm http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/ memb.htm http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/ memb.htm

8. NUCLEUS & CELL CONTROL (P.180)  Nucleus = houses and protects cell’s genetic info/blueprints, DNA  Chromatin = period of non-division DNA in a threadlike form  Chromosomes = during division DNA condenses

9.  Nuclear Envelope = 2 lipid bilayer membranes surround nucleus  covered with nuclear pores (allows RNA in and out)  Nucleolus = concentrated DNA area within nucleus, where ribosomes are made  Ribosomes = site of protein production  Cytoplasm = fluid cytosol and organelles

11. Assembly, Transport, & Storage (p.181) Organelles are suspended within the cell’s cytosol

12. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM  Site of cellular chemical reactions  Series of folded membranes, folding allows it to better fit in a small space  2 types, rough & smooth

13.  1. Rough ER  Covered with Ribosomes  Produces proteins & phospholipids (makes digestive enzymes)  2. Smooth ER  Lacks ribosomes  Builds lipids (cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone)

15. Biology 11/7/13 Mrs. Turgeon “The three hardest tasks in the world are neither physical feats nor intellectual achievements, but moral acts: to return love for hate, to include the excluded, and to say, ‘I was wrong’.” – Sydney J. Harris “The three hardest tasks in the world are neither physical feats nor intellectual achievements, but moral acts: to return love for hate, to include the excluded, and to say, ‘I was wrong’.” – Sydney J. Harris DO NOW: 1. Turn in your homework (Osmosis worksheet) 2. In your notes: Where in the cell is the DNA? What do we call the DNA when it is ready to divide itself? AGENDA: 1.Students will be able to describe the major organelles of a cell by taking notes ANNOUNCEMENT: If you are interested in joining science olympiad, come to the meeting after school today in room 309 (I am the assistant coach) !

16. GOLGI APPARATUS  System of flattened, membrane sacs  Modifies proteins  Packages proteins in vesicles to be sent to other locations in the cell  The “UPS packaging center”

17. Turn to Page 183 Look at figure 7.10 In your notes: 1.What type of microscope was used to create this image? 2.What breakfast food does the Golgi apparatus look like?

19. VACUOLES  Vacuole = compartments for storage (food, enzymes, etc.)  Vacuoles are mainly found in plant cells

20. Still on page 183 Look at figure 7.11 In your notes: 1. What type of cell do we typically see vacuoles? 2. Which picture ( A or B ) has larger vacuoles?

21. LYSOSOMES  Lysosome = organelles containing digestive enzymes  Digest worn out organelles, food, viruses & bacteria

22. Still on page 183 Still on page 183 Read about Lysosomes In your notes: 1.What organelle do lysosomes fuse to? 2.What does “fuse” mean? 3.Why are lysosomes called “the garbage collector?”

23. 11/14/14 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON “Think of all the beauty still around you and be happy.” -Anne Frank OBJECTIVES SWBAT: 1.Describe how energy is made in the cell DO NOW: 1. Name an analogy for a lysosome

24. 11/14/14 Biology MRS.TURGEON Reminders: 1. Due Monday: Organelle notecards! 2. Quiz next Friday on organelles

25. Energy Transformers (p.184) These organelles are suspended in the cytosol

26. Read the paragraph titled: Energy Transformers (p.184) In your guided notes, answer: What two organelles provide energy for the cell?

27. CHLOROPLASTS  Found in plants  A type of plastid  Chlorophyll = green pigment in chloroplasts, traps light energy to be converted into chemical energy

28. PAGE 184  Look at figure 7.12 In your notes: 1.What is embedded in the inner series of thylakoid membranes? 2. What does “embedded” mean?

29. MITOCHONDRIA  Organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP  ATP = adenosine triphosphate, stores energy in structure

30. Turn to page 185 Look at Figure 7.13 and answer the following questions: 1.Where is the mitochondria? In the nucleus or the cytoplasm? 2.How many membranes are there?

31.  Highly active cells (muscle cells) have more mitochondria  Has 2 membranes  Outer Membrane = separates mitochondria from cytosol  Inner Membrane = shaped into folds to fit in a small space, where chemical reactions to produce energy occur

33. Pg. 184 and 185  Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts. Why are they referred to as energy transformers? (Do all cells contain mitochondria? Do all cells have chloroplasts?)

34. Organelles for Support & Locomotion (p.185)

35. CYTOSKELETON  Network of tubes & filaments crisscrossing cytosol  Gives shape to cell  Acts as “highway system” to move materials throughout the cell  Microtubules = thin, hollow cylinders made of protein  Microfilaments = smaller, solid protein fibers

36. Pg. 185 Find the Word Origin box. 1.What does it say about the term “cytoskeleton” ? 2.What analogy did you give the cytoskeleton?

38.  Cilia & Flagella = hairlike structures, extend from cell body, movement  Centrioles = 2 short cylinders of microtubules, found in animal cells, organize microtubules during cell division.

39. Page 187 Read about Cilia and Flagella. 1. In your notes: Describe their respective motions. What analogy is used to describe how cilia move?

40. Page 186 Look at figure 7.14 1.Does the description state that plant & animal cells are similar or different? 2.Describe the differences between animal & plant cells