1. THE SOVIET UNION
Chapter 29 Section 4

2. Social Changes in the Soviet Union

3. What did Lenin accomplish? (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov)
Nationalization – all major industries under state control
NEP
Some private ownership of businesses and farms allowed to operate
Name changed - U.S.S.R.
Social Classes – Communist party bosses at the top

4. Source A:
“There wasn’t any food in the country. We were down to little bread each. Then suddenly they started the NEP. Cafes opened. Factories went back into private hands. It was Capitalism. In my eyes it was the very thing I had been fighting against.”
A Boshevik, remembering the 1980
Interpret this quote – Who said it (Why is this important), What year is the quote from (Why is this important?) What is the topic of the quote? What is the author saying?

5. What problem did Lenin’s death create in 1924?
Lenin’s death - creates a power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin because there is no replacement plan for a leader
Lenin dies of a stroke
At 54yrs old in 1922

6. Who was Leon Trotsky? Leader of the Red Army
2nd most important person in Communist Party
Lost power struggle with Stalin to control the Party
Exiled and eventually assassinated in Mexico City with an ice pick

7. Life Under Stalin’s Dictatorship
Interpret this political cartoon. What does it say about life in the U.S.S.R under Stalin? How do you know?
Remember to look at the images, titles, symbols, and captions.

8. What was life like under Stalin’s Dictatorship?
One of most brutal dictator’s in the world
Ruled through terror
Secret Police created climate of fear

9. Political Changes in the USSR under Stalin

10. How did STALIN gain power?
General Secretary of Communist Party with power to remove/appt. officials
Removed supporters of Trotsky
Communist Party voted him as leader
Trotsky exiled and killed on Stalin’s orders

11. What was the“terror famine”?
Stalin used starvation to destroy the opposition
Kulaks
anti-Communist in the Ukraine

12. What were the Purges?
Stalin’s elimination of his political rivals during the 1930’s
Millions expelled, arrested, put in labor camps or shot

13. Economic changes in the USSR under Stalin

14. What was Stalin’s Five Year Plan?
Set Russia’s economic goals for 5 years
Focus on industrializing heavy industry and increasing agricultural output
Heavy Industry = steel production, large-scale manufacturing
Few consumer goods produced
Agriculture = collectivized farms
“We will turn the Five year plan into a four year one”

15. Source A
The USSR was turned into a modern state.
There was genuine Communist enthusiasm among the young ‘Pioneers’.
There were huge achievements in the following :
New cities
Dam/hydroelectric power
Moscow Subway
Farm machinery
Electricity
Coal
Steel
Fertilisers
Plastic
No unemployment
Doctors & Medicine
Education
Source B
Poorly organized – inefficiency duplication of effort and waste.
Appalling human cost:
Discipline (sacked if late)
Secret police
Slave labor
Labor camps (for those who made mistakes)
Accidents & deaths (100,000 workers died building just one canal)
Few sconsumer goods
Poor housing
Wages FELL
No human rights
Some historians claim the Czars had done the work to set up industrialization and that Stalin’s work had very little effect on a process that would have happened anyway
Task: Debate with a friend: Were the 5 year Plans a success or a sham?

16. What is a collective farm?
Peasants work land owned by the Government
Produced food for Soviet people and to export
Exports would pay for industrialization without having to borrow $ from west
Kulak’s - prosperous anti-communist peasants opposed collectivization

17. What were the Results of the 5 Year Plan?
Soviet Union became an industrial power
Workers received low wages or none at all
Food was in limited supply
Collective farms unable to produce enough food
Millions died

18. Which of the following were reforms by Stalin?
Purges of Political Enemies
Collectivization of Farms
Increase in Industrial Production
All of the Above

19. When Lenin died, who was expected to take over?
Trotsky
Alexander II
Stalin
Kerensky

20. What did the NEP stress? Private ownership of farms
Collectivization of Farms
Small scale manufacturing of consumer goods
Government ownership