1. ENERGY

2. WHAT IS ENERGY? THE ABILITY TO DO WORK OR CAUSE CHANGE IS CALLED ENERGY

3. There are two basic kinds of energy… KINETIC ENERGY- The energy an object has due to its motion. POTENTIAL ENERGY-Stored energy That results from the position or shape of an object. For example, a car parked in a driveway has potential energy. When the ignition is started and it drives away, the car gains kinetic energy as it moves.

4. FORMS OF ENERGY Mechanical energy- The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object. Mechanical energy is matter in motion. An airplane soaring through the sky has mechanical energy just like the wind or a flowing river. Thermal energy- The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object. Thermal energy comes from the motion of tiny particles in matter. The faster the particles move, the warmer the matter can get. Examples of thermal energy are stoves and matches. Electrical energy- The energy of electric charges. Electrical energy is the movement of charged particles, negative (-) and positive (+). It can come from batteries or power plants and it can also be found in nature. Power plants burn fuel to make electricity which is then sent to homes and businesses through wires.

5. FORMS OF ENERGY Chemical energy- Chemical energy is stored in the particles that make up food, fuel and other matter. The food you eat gives chemical energy which allows you to walk, run and move. Nuclear energy- Nuclear energy is formed when tiny particles called atoms split apart (fission) or join together (fusion). The Sun’s energy is produced from nuclear reaction. Electromagnetic energy- The sunlight that you see each day is electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic energy travels in waves. These waves have some electrical properties and some magnetic properties.

6. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION Transfer of energy is called energy transformation Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms. Some energy changes involve one transformation while others involve many transformations.

8. Single Transformations A toaster transforms electrical energy to thermal energy to toast your bread. A cell phone transforms electrical energy to electromagnetic energy that travels to other phones. Your body transforms the chemical energy in your food to mechanical energy you need to move your muscles. Multiple Transformations The mechanical energy used to strike a match is transformed first to thermal energy. The thermal energy causes the particles in the match to release stored chemical energy, which is transformed to thermal energy and electromagnetic energy you see as light.

9. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed or created.

10. Fossil Fuels Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) that result from the compression of ancient plant and animal life formed over millions of years. A fuel is a material that contains stored potential energy. Fossil Fuels contain energy that came from the sun, then certain living things transform some of it to chemical energy.