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Management Process Model
linking management desired processes functions conditions Planning Manager Communications Organizing Coordination Goals Decision Making Leading Adaptation Controlling
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Types of Communication
Extra-Organizational Inter-Organizational Intra-Organizational Interpersonal Intrapersonal
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Nature of Communications
Formal Informal Communication Directions Downward Upward Horizontal Diagonal
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Communication Patterns
Chain Wheel Circle Star (All channel)
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Media Used Low High Media Richness Media: Written Oral Nonverbal
Formal Letters Tele- Video- Face to Reports Memos phone Conf Face Low High Media Richness Media: Written Oral Nonverbal
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Channel Advantages & Disadvantages
Permanent record Personal Premeditated Two-way Easily disseminated Fast feedback Impersonal No record One-way Spontaneous Slow feedback Dissemination Diff. Adv. Disadv. Low High Channel Richness
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Nonverbal Communication
( ) Message Meaning Verbal vocal nonverbal content cues communication + + = f Paralanguage Kinesics Proxemics Object Language
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Functions of Nonverbal Communication
1. Can serve to repeat a message 2. Can complement a verbal message 3. Can accent a verbal message 4. Can substitute for verbal cues 5. Can regulate verbal communication 6. Can contradict verbal messages
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The Communication Process
Ideation Encoding Transmission Receiving Decoding Action Feedback
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Barriers to Communication
Stage Affected A. Interpersonal Barriers Poor listening Receiving Semantics Encoding & decoding Interpersonal Relations Encoding & Inconsistent cues Decoding Inappropriate media Receiving &
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B. Organizational Barriers Status/Power Differences Encoding &
Stage Affected B. Organizational Barriers Status/Power Differences Encoding & decoding Communication Flow Network Breakdown Transmission & receiving Information Overload Any stage Time Pressures Any stage Noise Any stage
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Stage Affected C. Cultural Barriers Language Encoding & decoding Customs Meaning of Time Decoding Meaning of Space Decoding
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Types of Theoretical Perspectives
Communication Traditional Behavioral Modern Levels of Analysis Extraorganizational X Interorganizational X Intraorganizational X X X Interpersonal X X Intrapersonal X X Nature of Communications Formal X X Informal X X Direction of Communications Downward X X X Upward X X Lateral X X Diagonal X Media Used Written X X X Oral X X Nonverbal X X Electronic X
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