1. Survey of Animals from the Phylum Chordata Sub Phylum Vertebrata

2. Common Chordate Features Notochord: Notochord: a rod of stiffened tissue supporting the body (later develops into bony units comprising the vertebral column). Dorsal Nerve Chord: Dorsal Nerve Chord: located just above the notochord and gut region (protected by vertebrae after full development) Muscular Pharynx: Muscular Pharynx: the entrance to the digestive tract (with small gill slits) Tail (or rudiment thereof): Tail (or rudiment thereof): located near the anus All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: (Click)

3. Key Characteristics: Key Characteristics: Click to Continue  Body Temperature Regulation –Ectotherm: body changes temperature in response to external environment –Homeotherm: temperature remains constant regardless of external environment  # Of Heart Chambers –Two: (atrium/ventricle) allows for mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood –Three: (2 atria/1 ventricle) more efficient separation of deO 2 & O 2 blood –Four: (2 atria/2 ventricles) complete separation of deO 2 & O 2 blood  Respiratory Organs (Exchange of 0 2 & CO 2 ) –Lungs, Gills, Skin: moist membranes designed for gas exchange in/out of blood  Reproductive Structures (Embryo Development) –Internal Amniotic Egg: develops inside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid –External Amniotic Egg: develops outside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid –Aquatic Egg: contains no amnion and develops in a liquid (aquatic) environment  Excretory Mechanisms (H 2 O Conservation) –Urea: liquid waste released by specialized excretory structures (toxic if accumulates) –Uric Acid: solid waste (conserves H 2 O, non-toxic, & therefore can be stored)

4. Class Pisces (Fish) Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 2 Breathing Mechanism Gills Skin/CoveringScales Reproduction(Eggs)Aquatic Excretory Mechanism Urea / (NH 3 ) Means of Locomotion Swimming Fins Click to continue

5. Class Amphibia Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 3 Breathing Mechanism Skin / Gills Skin/Covering Moist Skin Reproduction(Eggs)Aquatic Excretory Mechanism Urea / NH 3 Means of Locomotion Tail / Fins / Legs Click to continue

6. Class Reptilia Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 3 / 4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/Covering Dry Leathery Scales Reproduction(Eggs)Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Uric Acid Means of Locomotion Legs / Tail Click to continue

7. Class Aves (Birds) Temperature Regulation Homeotherm # Heart Chambers 4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/CoveringFeathers Reproduction(Eggs)Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Uric Acid Means of Locomotion Wings / Legs Click to continue

8. Class Mammalia Temperature Regulation Homeotherm # Heart Chambers 4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/CoveringHair Reproduction(Eggs)Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Urea / NH 3 Means of Locomotion Legs / Wings / Fins Click to continue