1. 1 Current Status and National Policy on Biochar Production and Application in Thailand Soil Science Research Group, Agricultural Product Science Research and Development Office, Thai Department of Agriculture

2. 2 Examples of Thai Agricultural Wastes Pineapple peel Durian shell Mangosteen shell Coconut fibre and shellOil palm branchRice straw Cassava stem Rice husk Bagass Corncob

3. 3 Agricultural Residues (Mt) of Thailand - no information (Office of Agricultural Economics, 2013) BiomassTotalUsedAvailable Rice husk3.950.863.09 Rice straw34.040.003.40 Corncob0.840.410.43 Sugarcane leaves16.800.006.72 Bagass21.00 0.00 Cassava stem2.110.000.84 Cassava root1.760.000.70 Oil palm leaves2.360.001.53 Oil palm fibre1.311.080.23 Oil palm shell0.530.220.31 Oil palm branch2.010.881.13 Pararubber (age >25years)200.00196.453.55 Eucalyptus wood6.805.621.18 Durian shell0.050.000.05 Mangosteen shell0.16- Pineapple peel0.66- Coconut fibre0.51- Coconut shell0.22-

4. 4 Types of Waste Agricultural Biomass Agriculture in Thailand is varied in terms of activities in each region or locality, particularly in the way farm cultures and traditions have been handed down through generations. Each region has clear social and economic differences. Paddy Field 11.27 million ha Field Crop (5.02 m ha) -Cassava 1.70 million ha -Sugarcane 1.67 million ha -Maize 1.65 million ha Perennial Crop (4.42 m ha) -Para Rubber 3.31 million ha -Oil Palm 0.60 million ha -Eucalyptus 0.51 million ha Orchard (1.54 m ha)

5. 5 Thai Policy/ Plan on Soil and Nutrient Management Agricultural zoning plan for the farming of six economic crops including rice, maize, oil palm, cassava, sugar cane and rubber Strengthening food security Developing Thailand’s organic agriculture A better standard of living for Thai farmers - use the land with high efficiency -various production -reduce risks -reduce cost of production -increase income -balance natural environment -more activities -reduce migration and better life quality Sufficiency Economy

6. 6 Overviews on Soil and Nutrient Management towards Sustainable Agri-food System in Thailand

7. 7 Examples of traditional kiln in Thailand Pyrolysis reactor

8. 8 Organic Farm, Sampran Riverside Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

9. 9 Local people School Temple Noen Kham District, Chai Nat Province

10. 10 The Eco-community Vigor Foundation Dr. Prateep Verapatthnanirund and Professor Dr. Tasnee Attanandana Low-cost technology for Thai farmers A site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) research project

11. 11 Khao Kling Prison Camp

12. 12 Bamboo Charcoal (BUNTON) Soil amendment Cosmetic Medicine Sampanta Subdistrict, Nadee District, Prachinburi 25220

13. 13 Biochar application to soil

14. 14 Water retention and movement in soils Land Development Department Station 5, Khonkaen Province

15. 15 Low and high magnification scanning electron micrographs and x-ray spectra of particles of the chloride minerals sylvite (KCl) and halite (NaCl) on the surface of sugar palm fibre biochar.

16. 16 Noen Kham District, Chai Nat Province

17. 17 Conclusions - Thailand’s rapid increase in waste agricultural biomass Oil palm Cassava Rice husk Fruit shell such as durian shell, mangosteen shell and pineapple, etc - Biochar is suitable for organic farming. - Biochar is placed in soil to fertilize and lime the soil. - We have some biochar research without direction. - Some farmers and organic farms use biochar. - Lack of knowledge and knowledge management.