1. I. The New Middle East

2. A. The Mandate System 1.Mandates: former Middle East colonies of Germany & Ottomans divided by French & British – Class C Mandates: colonies – Class B Mandates: given autonomy – Class A Mandates: Arab-speaking territories 2.British: Palestine, Iraq (King Faisal), & Trans- Jordan France: Syria & Lebanon

3. B. Modern Turkey 1.End of WWI Ottoman Empire collapsed: – Mustafa Kemal: hero of Gallipoli campaign formed a nationalist government (1919) & reconquered Anatolia 2.Kemal an outspoken modernizer: – declared Turkey a secular republic – introduced European laws – replaced Arabic alphabet w/ Latin alphabet

4. C. France & its Territories 1.The Maghrib (Algeria, Tunisia, & Morocco) dominated by France 2.Arabs & Berbers discriminated against 3.France crushed nationalist uprisings in Lebanon & Syria

5. D. Britain & its Territories 1.British declared Iraq independent 2.Britain declared Egypt independent (1922)

6. E. The “Question” of Palestine… 1.Palestine Mandate: British tried to limit Jewish immigration in 1920s… - alienated Jews & Arabs - Jewish settlements established (kibbutz)

7. II. Tech. Changes of Modernity

8. A. Class & Gender 1.Social class distinctions faded after WW I 2.1920s: women enjoyed more personal freedoms & won right to vote (1915-1934) 3.Expanded role of government = more “white collar” workers 4.working class: benefitted from new machinery & organizing work

9. B. Scientific Discoveries 1.The discovery of: – Sub-atomic particles – Quantum psyics – Einstein’s theory of relativity 2.Potential for dangerous sources of energy…

10. Sigmund Freud “Father” of Psychology

11. C. New Technologies 1.Airplanes 2.Electricity: - radio stations: news, sports, soap operas, & advertising 3.Film: “talking pictures” in Hollywood (1921) 4.Health & Hygiene: Medicine sewage treatment systems indoor plumbing soap

12. The Jazz Singer

13. D. Urban ENV 1.Skyscrapers: – load-bearing steel frames & passenger elevators – European cities restricted building height 2.Automobiles: – mass-produced cars (Model T) – construction of suburbs

14. Chrysler Building