1. Teaching about Software Testing that is NOT for Defect Detection W. Morven Gentleman Dalhousie University Morven.Gentleman@dal.ca

2. Conventional Perspective Software is tested on behalf of developer Purpose of testing is to find (and fix) bugs This is an important perspective, but not the only one

3. Other perspectives: how unusual are they? Testing to meet regulatory or contractual requirements Testing a software artifact to measure and model quantitative attributes of the software Testing to measure human behaviour when interacting with the software under test Testing where the investigation is open- ended, to find questions to ask

4. Measuring quantitative attributes Benchmarking Sizing and capacity planning Tuning performance to observed load

5. Measuring human behaviour Usability testing Assessing training requirements Assessing change management activities Studying tool adoption

6. Usability testing measures Time to learn to use an interface Improvement in skill with practice Time taken to perform specific tasks. Memory load imposed on the user Accuracy of user data entry Complexity of recovery procedures Propensity for blunders Subjective impression evaluation

7. Open-ended investigation Validating a system model or specification Studying competitors’ products Interoperability testing Identifying ways to use a product

8. Observations on teaching Students have great difficulty assimilating experimental techniques and experimental evidence. They cannot –conceive of interesting questions. –propose experiments.to answer such questions –suggest analyses of experimental data. –interpret experimental results. –recognize assumptions contradicted empirically –notice anomalies that indicate the unsuspected. –manage an investment of experimental effort.

9. Diagnosis CS/SE/IS students get no exposure to the culture of empirical science –the fundamental precept that all asserted truth must ultimately be founded on experimental observation –theory should be seen as an approximation summarizing experimental evidence They are given a mathematical model of a problem, and they are unable to distinguish that model from physical reality Remedy?

10. Some topics students find novel Practical instrumentation –Choosing what to measure and what scale to use –Characterizing load –Systematic sources of measurement artifact Practical application of statistics –Statistical vs.. practical significance –Exploratory data analysis –Modeling –Experimental design

11. Real Industrial Example

12. Time to update in-memory Oracle Database – 1 try Specification requires < 0.5 seconds Vendor demonstration 0.472 seconds

13. Time to update in-memory Oracle Database – 100 tries

14. Time to update in-memory Oracle Database – 5000 tries

15. Another real example

16. Time to open an Excel file

17. View of all software testing as searching for defects Does it help in designing experiments and analysis? Are defect detection strategies appropriate in other situations?

18. Definition of defect “Operationally, it is useful to work with 2 definitions of a defect: –From the producers viewpoint: a product requirement that has not been met or an attribute of a product that is not in the statement of requirements that define the product. –From the customers viewpoint: anything that causes customer dissatisfaction, whether in the statement of requirements or not”

19. Conclusion A broader perspective on software testing can be applicable to CS/SE/IS students in careers with soft6ware developers and software customers