1. Religion in Australia Pre 1945 By Ms Nash

2. 1a. Arrival and Establishment of Christianity in Australia
For Christianity the first fleet convicts were from the Church of England and Roman Catholic Church in 1788.
Church of England was regarded as the established religion in NSW.
Rev. Richard Johnson, a minister of Church of England was the first Anglican Chaplain to Australia.

3. Bitter division between the English and Irish affected the colony.
Harsh punishments used to keep the colony under control.
Governor Phillip insisted that all people, regardless of beliefs attend the Church of England Divine Service.
This caused resentment among people who did not regularly attend church and also the Irish who were Catholic.
Ministers of The Church of England also were magistrates and often gave out severe punishments.

4. The Church of England was the established Church, largest and most influential.
Catholic Church was the most troublesome being in dispute with members being constantly in dispute with English Authorities.
Catholic Church could not operate formally until 1820.
Catholics always maintained their loyalty to the Church
Decades later the Methodists and Presbyterians were established in the colony’s

5. 1b. Arrival and establishment of Judaism in Australia
First arrival of Jews was in 1788 as convicts.
The first minyan (quorum of 10 Jewish men) was formed and the Jewish Burial Society established.
These were the formal beginnings of a functioning Jewish community in NSW.
Phillip Joseph Cohen authorised Jewish marriages generally regarded as 1st Jewish Synagogue.

6. 1830 – Aaron Levy first Rabbi in Australia
Late 1880’s synagogues were in major cities,
Over 40% of Jews lived in rural areas.
Tasmania – Judaism present since 1804
Western Australia no organised Jewish community until late 1800’s.

7. 1c. Arrival and establishment of Islam in Australia
First Muslims came to Australia in 1750’s from modern day Indonesia.
Immigration Restriction Act 1901 resulted in Muslims not being able to enter Australia until 1907.
Some Muslims bought to Australia to work on the sugar plantations and pearling industry.

8. Camel transportation increased number of Muslims, most were from Pakistan and Afghanistan.
1882 – first mosque built in South Australia.
1920’s end of camel transportation so many Muslims left Australia.

9. 2a. The impact of sectarianism on the relationship among Christian denominations in Australia pre 1945
Sectarianism – rivalry or division along religious lines.
Protestant reformation in the 16th Century caused bitterness between the Catholics and Protestants.
18th Century – extreme division between the two denominations.
Irish oppressed after being occupied by the English.

10. Castle Hill Rebellion 1804
Catholics refused to send their children to a Church of England school.
Catholics seen as untrustworthy by employers expect in areas of public service.
Conscription debate was during WWI
Protestant Churches urged Australians to be loyal to Britain.
Catholic leaders were strident in their opposition to the idea of conscription.

11. 2b. The contribution of Christianity to school welfare in Australia pre 1945
Christian groups have provided help for poor and needy in education and social welfare.
Social Welfare: Flying doctor service
Immigration: Caroline Chisholm.
Education:
Mary Mackillop and Fr. Woods
School of Air

12. 3a. The role of one religious tradition in rural and outback communities pre 1945
1897: Bush brotherhoods- travelled on horseback to remote communities providing ministry.
1920’s Rev. John Flynn developed the Flying Doctor Service and School of Air, proving health and educational services to rural areas.

13. 3b.The contribution of one religious tradition in the provision of education in Australia prior to 1945
Education was a critical issue, especially for Catholics who felt disadvantaged in the colony.
Church of England schools received big grants.
Education Acts achieved that schools be free, compulsory and secular, formalising public education.

14. 3c. The initiatives taken by one religious tradition in Australia in the area of public morality prior to 1945
All convicts to attend Church of England services.
Sexual morality – issues such as divorce, homosexuality etc.. Seen as immoral.
Temperance movement – abstain from alcohol by Protestant denominations.
Banning of gambling
Aspects of social control referred to as “wowserism”