1. 1 http://www.idt.mdh.se/kurser/computing/ Research Thinking and Writing Toolbox Gordana Dodig Crnkovic School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, Mälardalen University, Sweden http://www.idt.mdh.se/personal/gdc/ April 2009

2. Computational Universe and Computational Thinking Tools Info-Computationalism, video-recorded lectures, Gordana D-C: Info-Computationalism (Info-Computationalism ( ICON ) Part 1 + PPT Presentation Part 1ICON ) Part 1 PPT Presentation Part 1 Info-Computationalism (Info-Computationalism ( ICON ) Part 2 + PPT Presentation Part 2ICON ) Part 2 PPT Presentation Part 2 Info-Computationalism (Info-Computationalism ( ICON ) Part 3 ICON ) Part 3 + PPT Presentation Part 3PPT Presentation Part 3 http://www.idt.mdh.se/kurser/comphil 2 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wing/

3. Computational Thinking Toolbox Comment: People learning from computing, and new understanding of computing informed by natural processes including humans and societies, learning how to manage complexity and optimize resources. 3

4. Computational Thinking Toolbox Comment: People learning from computing, and new understanding of computing informed by natural processes including humans and societies, learning how to manage complexity and optimize resources. 4

5. Computational Thinking Toolbox 5 Comment: We borrow the ideas from nature, make them more explicit and clear-cut and use in understanding of nature again, but on a different level.

6. Computational Thinking Toolbox 6

7. 7 Comment: Fundamental: level of abstraction level of organization level of description COMPLEX SYSTEMS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcbrKPj1V_U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcbrKPj1V_U Tour of Universe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPumskk1dGk From Quarks to Outer Space http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6QYDdgP9eg The Origin of Life – Abiogenesis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsDQ2jn2oAohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OsDQ2jn2oAo Evolution of Life on Earth - Carl Sagan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ3401XVYww http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ3401XVYww The Miracle in Human Brain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRignZWs6oE&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRignZWs6oE&feature=related CGI brain simulation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1ILrYHvnpA&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1ILrYHvnpA&NR=1 A journey through the brain's wiring Computational Thinking Toolbox

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10. 10 Computational Thinking Toolbox

11. 5 Deep Questions in Computing 11

12. 5 Deep Questions in Computing Comment: WHAT IS COMPUTING? Computing as defined by ACM/IEE computing curricula http://www.acm.org/education/curricula- recommendationshttp://www.acm.org/education/curricula- recommendations Computer Science : Algorithms and Complexity (AL); Architecture and Organization (AR); Discrete Structures (DS); Graphics and Visual Computing (GV); Human-Computer Interaction (HC); Information Management (IM); Net-Centric Computing (NC); Operating Systems (OS); Programming Fundamentals (PF); Programming Languages (PL); Software Engineering (SE); Social and Professional Issues (SP) Computing Engineering Software Engineering Information Systems Information Technology Emerging Disciplines 12

13. 13 C omputational complexity theory is the part of the theory of computation dealing with the resources (time/space) required to solve a given problem. In such analysis, a model of the computer is required. Typically, such models assume that the computer is deterministic (given the computer's present state and any inputs, there is only one possible action that the computer might take) and sequential (it performs actions one after the other). The class P consists of all decision problems that can be solved on a deterministic sequential machine in an amount of time that is polynomial in the size of the input; the class NP consists of all those decision problems whose solution can be found in polynomial time on a non-deterministic machine. P=NP?

14. What is Computation? 14 Comment: What is computable depends on what is computation. Both P=NP? and this question pressupose a sort of computing machine. The question connected to the architecture of the machine is: What is computation? Concerning complex systems, we also want to know how to control complex systems (might be the reducible to the question of how to build them)

15. What is Intelligence? 15 Comments: Blue Brain http://bluebrain.epfl.ch http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8012496.stm

16. What is Information? http://www.illc.uva.nl/HPI 16

17. Complex Systems 17

18. Organic Computing Organic computing is a form of biologically- inspired computing with organic properties. It has emerged recently as a challenging vision for future information processing systems.biologically- inspired computingorganic properties Organic Computing is based on the insight that we will soon be surrounded by large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, communicate freely, and organise themselves in order to perform the actions and services that seem to be required.autonomous systemssensorsactuators "Organic Computing System" is a technical system, which adapts dynamically to the current conditions of its environment. It is characterised by the self-X properties: self-organization, self-configuration (auto-configuration),auto-configuration self-optimisation (automated optimization),optimization self-healing,self-healing self-protection (automated computer security),computer security self-explaining, and context-awareness. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_computing 18

19. Organic Computing Once fully developed, Organic Computing will be a conceptual framework, indeed a branch of science, that will form the basis for understanding the organic structure of Life on its molecular, organismic, cognitive and societal levels, and for building an organically structured information technology. A system is called organic if all of its components and subsystems are well coordinated in a purposeful manner. Organic structures realize themselves as hierarchically nested processes, structured such as to be able to meet upcoming challenges by goal-oriented reactions. The concepts of Organic Computing will not rely on the algorithmic division of labor, but on processes of evolution, development, self- organization, adaptation, learning, teaching, and goal orientation.algorithmic division of laborgoal orientation None of the existing fields of science and technology have the full intellectual infrastructure, perspectives, motivation, methodology or experimental models to embrace the issue in its full extent, interdisciplinary collaboration is needed. http://www.organic- computing.org/ieeetaskforce/index.html 19