1. Connective Tissue

2. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue

3. Connective Tissue Extracellular matrix Fibroblasts Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers

4. No contact with the outside Composition:
Connective Tissue
Most abundant & widely distributed tissue throughout the body (bones, blood, fat, etc.)
No contact with the outside
Composition:
Specialized cells (chondrocytes, macrophages, melanocytes, adipocytes, lymphocytes, etc.)
Extracellular protein fibers (collagen, reticular, or elastic)
Ground substance (often fluid)
Collagen and reticular fibers provide support and strength; reticular are thinner than collagen
Matrix

5. Functions of Connective Tissue
Establishing a structural framework
Transporting fluids and dissolved materials
Protecting delicate organs
Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting tissues
Storing energy reserves
Defending the body from microorganisms

6. Classification of Connective Tissues
I. Loose Connective Tissue (support, cushioning)
1. Areolar - cushions organs
2. Reticular - live, spleen
3. Adipose - fat
II. Dense Connective Tissue (fibrous)
1. Dense regular - tendons
2. Dense irregular - white, protective layer of eye
3. Elastic – bronchial tubes, large arteries
III. Cartilage (flexible, strong support)
IV. Bone (structure, support)
V. Liquid Connective Tissue (fluid)
1. Blood (erythrocytes – red blood cells, platelets)
2. Lymph (leukocytes – white blood cells)

7. Loose & Dense Connective Tissue
Contains varied cells and fiber types; syrupy ground substance
Cartilage & Bone
Dense ground substance & closely packed fibers
Liquid Connective Tissue
Watery ground substance with dissolved proteins

8. Loose Connective Tissue

9. Dense Connective Tissue
Fig. 4.10

10. Dense Connective Tissue

11. Dense Connective Tissue

12. Cartilage
Most abundant, tough but flexible

13. Cartilage
Elastic fibers make cartilage flexible and resilient

14. Cartilage
Dense collagen fibers make fibrocartilage tough and durable

15. Bone
Bone has very little substance, strength is due to calcium salts & collagen fibers

16. Liquid Connective Tissue

17. Membranes Cover and protect other structures in the body
Composed of epithelium and connective tissue
Four types
Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous
Synovial

18. Membranes Fig. 4.15 Mucous membranes:
Line cavities that are in contact with the exterior; kept moist
Serous membranes:
Line sealed internal cavities
Cutaneous membranes:
Cover the body surface (skin)
Synovial membranes:
Lining within joint cavities
Membranes

19. Practice
Loose connective tissue - adipose tissue (fat)
Bone

20. More Practice
Hyaline cartilage
Liquid connective tissue - blood

21. More Practice
Dense irregular connective tissue – periosteum (outside of all bones)
Dense regular connective tissue - tendon

22. More Practice Elastic connective tissue - between vertebrae
Simple columnar epithelium – lining of digestive tract