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Published byClarence Owens Modified over 9 years ago
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6-5 Molecular Geometry
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VSEPR Theory VSEPR theory – states that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible Shared pairs are oriented as far away from each other as possible
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VSEPR Theory VSEPR and Unshared Electron Pairs – lone pair occupies space around the atom just as the bonding pairs do
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Hybridization Hybridization – the mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies What does hybridization mean???
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Ex. of hybridization… Methane, CH 4, C __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s 2p How does carbon form four equivalent, tetrahedrally arranged covalent bonds by orbital overlap with four other atoms?
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Ex. of hybridization… Methane, CH 4, undergoes hybridization C __ __ __ __ __ 1s sp 3 Hybrid orbitals- orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom
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Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces – the forces of attraction between molecules vary in strength but are generally weaker than bonds that join atoms in molecules, ions in ionic compounds, or metal atoms in solid metals
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Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonding- hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, that group is attracted to other nearby molecules Hydrogen bonds are usually represented by dotted lines connecting the hydrogen-bonded hydrogen
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