1. XBRL Panel -- Bill McCarthy Researcher (?) Professor of Accounting at Michigan State University –more IT than accounting –more design science than empirical Business Process standards worker Topics: –ebXML progress and fit with XBRL –Research opportunities Design science Empirical science

2. Origins of my (biased) views FSA & ELOISE (KEE & Lisp) knowledge structures semantic modeling in DB, AI, OO AA-AI group work on EDGAR in 86-87 Semantic nets for text Chart of accounts Semantic Modeling transactions & commitments reporting controls XBRL reporting transactions controls

3. Comparison & connection of ebXML (UN/CEFACT) with XBRL (AICPA) ebXML progress – Fast start but slow progress and migration (OASIS, OAG, OMG) Some specs progress to ISO BP catalog & classification  repository Business process semantics & choreography –BP metamodel –Business entities (states) & collaboration patterns –ebXML stackebXML stack –Connection with XBRL Bill for one year UN/CEFACT – not much

4. Research Opportunities – (DS) XBRL & other XML initiatives are exciting & hard topics (don’t come in with weak skills) Design Science = building (constructs, models, methods, instantiations) and evaluating (same) HMPR link HMPR link DS opportunities –Building of new design artifacts for XBRL (tools, taxonomies) –Evaluating of existing artifacts (XLink, taxonomies, best methods & practices, instantiations)

5. Research Opportunities – II (empirical) Traditional Financial reporting with new decision scenarios for analysts & investors –Instant Compustat & other data aggregators –New tool & technology use –Other reporting issues (access accounting, interactive data) –Opportunity not yet ripe but will be soon (AAA report) XBRL G/L uses –G/L to G/L –Other projected uses ? New use of G/L Transaction level interoperability Other new XBRL use

6. Research Opportunities – A Final Note Opportunities in both design and empirical, but beware of establishment biases Research obligations (?) –Unbounded optimism about adoption is part of the XML landscape, and it is fine for XBRL.org and the AICPA –“Why so few faculty opponents ?” Heavy learning curve Non open development process (ODP) makes criticism hard for researchers Skeptics are hard to identify & quote Nothing in XBRL needs fixing

7. Business Domain View (BDV) Business Requirements View (BRV) Business Transaction View (BTV) Business Service View (BSV) UN/CEFACT BP stack Process AreaBusiness Process Business Transaction Business Collaboration (binary or multiparty) Requesting Business Activity Responding Business Activity Business Messages Requesting Service Transaction Responding Service Transaction Agreement Economic Event Network Component Authorizing Roles Partner Economic Resources Business Documents Business Area Source: ebXML TMWG

8. Additions to the Knowledge Base Environment IS ResearchKnowledge Base People Roles Capabilities Characteristics Organizations Strategies Structure & Culture Processes Technology Infrastructure Applications Communications Architecture Development Methodologies Foundations Theories Frameworks Instruments Constructs Models Methods Instantiations Methodologies Data Analysis Techniques Formalisms Measures Validation Criteria Develop / Build Theories Artifacts* Justify / Evaluate Analytical Case Study Experimental Field Study Simulation AssessRefine Business Needs Applicable Knowledge Application in the Appropriate Environment Relevance Rigor [SOURCE: Hevner, March, Park, and Ram, MISQ, 2004] *artifacts = constructs, models, methods, instantiations

9. Purposes Improve organizational performance To make things "as they ought to be." Objects Constructs (E-R, OO, BWW, Agents) Models (Patterns, KR, REA Template) Methods (SA&D Techniques, CSF, DA) Instantiations (ES, Vigilant, Emergent KP) Actions Build Evaluate Designed IT Artifacts [SOURCE: Sal March Speech at Gordon Davis Symposium (May 2005)]