1. Quantum Design PPMS & Transport and Magnetic Measurements

2. How to measure? Force : F = mass x acceleration [Newton’s Law] acceleration = change in velocity/time =  v/  t =  (  d/  t)/  t F = mass x gravity F= - k x displacement Torque = leverarm x Force In Collison : F = Change In Momentum/change in time

3. Optical Measurements Focal Length of a Lens Interference :

4. Magnetic Field Biot and Savart Law Calculating Magnetic field around a conductor carrying current Ampere’s theorem can also be applied Magnetic field due to a solenoid B  n I B I

5. Superconductor Resistance 0 Oppose the applied magnetic field  Current is due to pair of electron

6. Josephson Junction Superconductor 1 Superconductor 2 I = I 0 Sin  Quantum flux  = h/2e = 2.067 x 10 -15 Wb Insulator

7. SQUID Magnetic field of Heart  10 -10 T SQUID devices were used ( Sperconducting Quantum Interference Devices) It can measure the magnetic field less than 10 -14 T

8. PPMS or MPMS Use SQUID principle to set up magnetic field ( higher accuracy)

9. PPMS or MPMS Use SQUID principle to set up magnetic field ( higher accuracy) PPMS with VSM VSM : Vibrating Sample Magnetometer

10. What can be measured 1.Resistacne vs H 2.Resistance Vs Temperature from 0.3K to 450 K // &  3.I-V as a function of H, // &  4.Ac transport 5.Hall effect 6.Differential resistance 7.Specific heat capacity 8.Angular variation 9. Thermal transport Magnetic : 1.Magnetic hysteresis 2.Susceptibility 3.Torque 4.Magnetic field H, // &  5.Ultra low field option < 0.1 G

11. PPMS inside view

12. Sample Puck Current Voltage

14. VSM Option Direction of current depends on the motion of magnet Induced Emf = -  (Flux)/  t N

15. VSM contd. VSM coil Motor Oven stick 300- 1000K

16. Thank You Questions?