3. Bell Ringer 5/14 What is a primate? Use your textbook to answer this question- write a response in your notebook.

5.  smells  sounds  visual messages  touching Non-human primates emphasize the use of body language.

6. Human communication is far more focused on the use of oral sounds. Our speech is radically different from the hoots, howls, whistles, slaps on the ground, and other sounds used by non-human primates to communicate.

7. Human communication using a system of symbols for oral and written language.

8. Unlike us, however, their communication does not involve displacement.

9. That is, they apparently do not "talk" about things and events that are not here and now. People discuss such things as what the world was like two centuries ago.

10. Primates almost exclusively communicate their present emotional mood and intentions. They are focused on the here and now.

11. Odors, vocalizations, gestures, and facial expressions are used by non- human primates to inform others of their psychological state and present concerns, which is an important clue to what they are likely to do next.

12. Chimpanzee begging gesture and facial expression

13. use of body odors to communicate  Similar to dogs, wolves, and cats marking their territories with urine.  The scent is recognized as a personal signature.  In all of these species, scent marking is a way of claiming territory and warning off intruders.

14. Adult male ring-tailed lemurs regularly mark their woodland territories with chemicals produced by scent glands in their wrists.

15. Tamarins and marmosets also use scented urine to mark the gum trees that are important food sources in their territories.

16. agonistic displays

17. Most primate species, including humans, use threatening gestures, stares, and poses to intimidate others.

18. Primatologists refer to this particular use of body language as agonistic displays. Usually sufficient to prevent physical fighting.

19. Male baboons flash their eyelids. If this isn't sufficient, they open their mouths widely in a manner that looks like human yawning.

20. Since the marmosets and tamarins cannot significantly change their facial expressions, their agonistic displays are different.

21. Adult males chirp repeatedly and turn around to show their genitals from behind.

22. allogrooming

23. Communicate affection and reduce group tension by sitting close to each other, touching, and mutually grooming called allogrooming (self grooming = autogrooming)

24. allogrooming powerful tool for communication used by both monkeys and apes to reinforce male-female mate bonds as well as same sex friendship bonds calm emotions following wild, aggressive outbursts by angry adult males.

25. Most members of the community also seem to very much enjoy grooming infants and may compete for the opportunity.

26. Allogrooming chimpanzees, douc langurs, and crab-eater macaques

27. Among some species of primates, including humans, the urge to allogroom is so strong as to result in grooming animals of other species.