1. Europe:
The Middle Ages
AP WORLD HISTORY

2. Periodization CE Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Late Middle Ages:

3. Europe in the 6th Century

4. The Medieval Catholic Church
monasticism: monks & nuns living together in community
poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools
monasteries = inns, hospitals, refuge
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries

5. Illuminated Manuscripts

6. A Medieval Monk’s Day

7. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

8. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots = large part of feudal system.
church controlled 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tithe  1/10 tax given to the church.

9. Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Dark interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

10. Charlemagne: 742 to 814
First to have this title “emperor” in over 300 years. The focus shifted away from Mediterranean and up into Northern Europe

11. Charlemagne’s Empire

12. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

13. The Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian (from Latin, Charles) – protectors of the Frankish Kings (kings under Charlegmaine)…military effectiveness of resisting Muslim advances.
Rebirth of old Roman traditions/values. Including writing.

14. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

15. Feudalism
A political and social system based on loyalty, land, and military service.
System was not that simple: Relations between all of these people differed too much form on e place to another and form on time to another to fit together in anything resembling a system.

16. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
FRANCE

17. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

18. The Medieval Manor
The lord of the manor provided governance and justice, direct royal government being quite limited. The king had only few financial resources and seldom exercised legal jurisdiction at a local level.
Monasteries and nunneries fell under jurisdiction of the church.
Women could own land – noble women administered husband’s estates when we was away at war.

19. Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work

20. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)
Came from what is today France…attacked England and became King.
Build motes, towers, TOWER OF ENGLAND – to protect his reign.

21. High Middle Ages after 1200

22. Magna Carta, 1215: ENGLAND “Great Charter”
kings had to consult a council of advisors to tax
Rights of NOBILTY

23. Conflict Between Church and Rulers
Who would have primary power in Europe?
Popes or Kings?
Investiture Conflict:
Who would appoint important church officials?
Slowly…over time, Kings won out.

24. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

25. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade
Against heresey
Wanted trade routes
Nobels (especially younger sons who didn’t inherit land) were hungry for land wanted to increase their stauus
Church wanted to demonstrate its political authority over western christiandom.

26. Setting Out on Crusade

27. Christian Crusades: East and West
1st crusade captured Jerusalem 1099
Muslims got it back in 1187

28. Medieval Universities

29. Oxford University

30. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall Associations of Craftsmen Monopolies
Controlled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product & prices

31. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

32. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

33. Medieval Trade