1. Models of Matter Wednesday, February 16, 2010

2. TODAY’S PLAN  States of Matter  Physical Properties of Matter  Activity

3. 3 Matter - What is it? Matter is anything that has a mass and takes up space 3

4. STATES OF MATTER There are 4 states of matter: SOLID definite volume or size distinct shape at a given temperature iron is a solid at room temperature, while water is a solid only at negative temperatures

5. LIQUID definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container (with the help of gravity) if you put water in a balloon, it will take the shape of the balloon

6. GAS volume is dependent on the temperature and pressure of it’s surrounding area gas will take the shape of its container (whether big or small) under high pressure, the volume of a gas increases (unlike liquids & solids) which is the basis of hydraulic breaks

7. PLASMA at extreme temperatures (such as the sun), matter can lose its electrons and become ionized (charged) there is some dispute over whether or not plasma is a true state

8. 8 Physical Properties of Matter PropertyMeaningExample HardnessA measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched  diamond is hard  chalk is soft StateDirectly related to temperature  water is a liquid  wood is a solid Malleabilitythe ability of a substance to be hammered into a thinner sheet or molded  copper is very malleable  wood is not very malleable Ductilitythe ability of a substance to be drawn (pulled) into finer strands - gold is very ductile Melting, Freezing and Boiling Points - the temperature at which a substance goes from one state to another - ice melts into liquid at 0 degree Celsius Crystal FormThe structure of the molecules inside a substance- salt has a cubic crystal form SolubilityThe ability of a substance to dissolve- sugar is very soluble in water ViscosityThe ability of a substance to flow or pour readily- molasses is viscous whereas water is less viscous DensityThe ratio of a substances mass to its volume  lead is dense  water is a special case where its solid is LESS DENSE than its liquid Lustrehow shiny or dull an object is  aluminum is very shiny  the chalk board is dull Colour- baking soda is white Texture- soft or hard TasteGENERALLY WE DON’T TASTE IN SCIENCE!!- bananas taste sweet

9. 9 PropertyMeaningExample HardnessA measure of the resistance of a solid to being scratched  diamond is hard  chalk is soft StateDirectly related to temperature  water is a liquid  wood is a solid Malleabilitythe ability of a substance to be hammered into a thinner sheet or molded  copper is very malleable  wood is not very malleable Ductilitythe ability of a substance to be drawn (pulled) into finer strands - gold is very ductile Melting, Freezing and Boiling Points - the temperature at which a substance goes from one state to another - ice melts into liquid at 0 degree Celsius Crystal FormThe structure of the molecules inside a substance- salt has a cubic crystal form SolubilityThe ability of a substance to dissolve- sugar is very soluble in water ViscosityThe ability of a substance to flow or pour readily- molasses is viscous whereas water is less viscous DensityThe ratio of a substances mass to its volume  lead is dense  water is a special case where its solid is LESS DENSE than its liquid Lustrehow shiny or dull an object is  aluminum is very shiny  the chalk board is dull Colour- baking soda is white Texture- soft or hard TasteGENERALLY WE DON’T TASTE IN SCIENCE!!- bananas taste sweet

10. 10 Chemical Properties of Matter Combustibility - the ability of a substance to catch fire or produce flames Ex. Gasoline is very combustible Reaction with Acid - the ability of a substance to react with an acid Ex. Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Hydrogen gas 10

11. MODELS OF MATTER  Building Blocks of Matter in about 400 B.C. (2000 years ago), a Greek philosopher Democritus suggested that all matter was made up of tiny invisible, indestructible particles atomos means indivisible

12. Matter Timeline  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/system/galleries/pics/ AlicePublic/history.swf http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/system/galleries/pics/ AlicePublic/history.swf

13. Classification of Matter MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSSOLUTION HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

14. Classification of Matter  A pure substance is a substance that contains only one kind of particle. (e.g., aluminum, sugar, pure water) There are two types of pure substances :  elements – pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods e.g., copper, oxygen, carbon  compounds – pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion and that can be broken down into simpler substances e.g., water (H 2 O), sugar, baking soda MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSSOLUTION HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

15. Classification of Matter  A mixture is a substance that contains two or more different pure substances (or two or more different types of particles). (e.g., milk, cookie, pizza) There are two types of mixtures :  solutions (homogeneous mixtures) – a mixture that has only one phase (only one visible part) e.g., salt water, air, perfume  heterogeneous mixtures – a mixture that has two or more phases e.g., pizza, potting soil, salad dressing MATTER PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURES ELEMENTSCOMPOUNDSSOLUTION HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

16. FYI  Air is a homogeneous mixture of many gases: 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen remainder is made of carbon dioxide, argon, carbon monoxide, and other gases