1. Lesson 28 Vocabulary and Derivatives Transitive and Intransitive Verbs Ablative of Agent

2. Quick Look - Vocabulary  Be aware of the conjunctions! Aut – or, aut...aut – either or, etc. Aut – or, aut...aut – either or, etc.  Think about English derivatives What 2 words does the word belligerent come from? What 2 words does the word belligerent come from? What does appellation mean? What does appellation mean? What about the word ventilate? What about the word ventilate? A few more – auditorium, attraction, amicable, inimical (think in + amicable) - ? A few more – auditorium, attraction, amicable, inimical (think in + amicable) - ?

3. Ablative Case -Review  Ablative of means Used for? Used for? How expressed? How expressed?  Ablative of place (in) Used for? Used for? How expressed? How expressed?  Ablative of place from which (3 prepositions/5 forms – a, ab, ē, ex, de) Used for? Used for? How expressed? How expressed?  Ablative of accompaniment (what preposition?) Chapter 23, page 167 Chapter 23, page 167 Used for? Used for? How expressed? How expressed?

4. Learning Targets  Recognize when a verb is transitive or intransitive  Understand what the ablative of agent looks like and how it is used in a sentence  Differentiate between ablative of agent and the other uses of ablative case  To recognize the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs  To enhance our understanding of, and ability to use, the passive voice

5. Transitive Verbs  A verb is considered a transitive verb when its action is carried across to a person or thing (the direct object) or produces a result. (trans means across; the action is ‘going across’ to an object or result) Examples  Canem amat – He loves the dog.  Viam muniverunt – They built a road

6. Intransitive Verbs  An intransitive verb does not have a direct object. It does not carry action over to something. Examples  Julius ambulat. – Julius walks.  In casa Claudia mansit – Claudia remained in the house. NOTE – generally intransitive verbs just never work used in the passive voice. You should easily be able to tell which ones won’t work!

7. Changing sentence order to passive voice  What happens when an active voice sentence containing a transitive verb is changed around to become passive voice?  ‘Anna aquam portat’ becomes: Aqua ab Annā portātur. Aqua ab Annā portātur.  ‘Virōs videō’ becomes: Virī ā mē videntur. Virī ā mē videntur.  What does the d.o. in the active voice become in the passive voice?  What does the subject of the active sentence become in the passive voice? (o. of p.)  The verb ending changes from active to passive and may change person.

8. Examples  Anna aquam portat – Anna carries the water.  Aqua ab Ann  Aqua ab Annā portātur – The water is carried by Anna.   Virōs videō - I see the men.   Virī ā mē videntur. - The men are seen by me.

9. Ablative of Agent  When the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the preposition in the passive sentence, it becomes the ‘ablative of agent’. The ablative of agent ALWAYS uses the preposition a or ab (ablative of means never uses a preposition) The ablative of agent ALWAYS uses the preposition a or ab (ablative of means never uses a preposition) The ablative of agent always refers to a person (ablative of means refers to a thing) The ablative of agent always refers to a person (ablative of means refers to a thing) NOTE: ab only means ‘by’ when used before nouns referring to a person acting upon the subject in the passive voice. ‘By’ is shown as a definition of a/ab in the glossary.

10. Ticket Out the Door  Change these active sentences into passive sentences and translate all: Puellae et pueri cenam parant. Puellae et pueri cenam parant. Anna puerum terret. Anna puerum terret. Magnae undae servos terrebunt. Magnae undae servos terrebunt.

11. Ticket answers   Cena ā puellīs et puerīs paratur. (Dinner is prepared by the boys and girls)   Puer ab Annā terrētur. (The boy is frightened by Anna).   Servī ā magnīs undīs terrēbuntur (The slaves are frightened by the large waves).