1. Discussion Essays

2.    成      

4. The introduction introduces the topic of the essay. It should clearly show that the essay is a discussion essay, not an argument; therefore, the position of each side of the controversy must be stated.

5. The supporting paragraphs expand each side’s position. Each paragraph should have at least two good reasons supported by examples, or clearly explained in more detail. The supporting paragraphs are very important, as they must give the reader a BALANCED position.

6. The conclusion gives a short summary of stated positions of each side. If the author has a clear position in regard to the controversy, this can be stated here; nevertheless, this position should be supported by the arguments presented in the essay, not by additional material.

7. Introduction The Japanese government has instructed Boards of Education across Japan to introduce English into the elementary curriculum to promote internationalization, and to raise the language ability of students graduating from the educational system. This proposal has many supporters; however, there are opponents who believe there will be no educational benefit, and that English should not be the only language studied.

8. Introduction The Japanese government has instructed Boards of Education across Japan to introduce English into the elementary curriculum to promote internationalization, and to raise the language ability of students graduating from the educational system. This proposal has many supporters; however, there are opponents who believe there will be no educational benefit, and that English should not be the only language studied. This sentence introduces the other side’s view. This sentence introduces the topic and one view.

9. Paragraph 2 The proponents of the introduction of English into the elementary school curriculum believe that there will be two main benefits. The first benefit will be an appreciation of foreign cultures. Studying English will not only require learning how to speak English, but also learning about the culture in English-speaking countries. Students will become more international in their outlook. The second and most important reason is the linguistic benefits from studying English at an earlier age. Some research shows younger learners have better pronunciation than older learners. Also, learning English at younger age will give students more time to master English; therefore, they will graduate from high school with a higher level of English ability. Proponents believe this proposal will produce students with better English skills and a greater appreciation of foreign cultures.

10. Paragraph 3 The opponents of this proposal refute these arguments. First, they believe that introducing English will not broaden students’ appreciation of foreign cultures. It will, in fact, promote English, and those countries that speak it, as superior to others. They suggest that this time in class should be used to study about all languages and all cultures, promoting real internationalization. Secondly, they disagree that introducing English in the elementary school will make students better speakers of English. Research shows that the benefits stated for studying at an early age occur in an English as second language (ESL) situation, or in an immersion program. Such benefits will not occur from studying English once a week. They believe the money used for this program should be provided to English teachers to undergo further training in Japan and overseas.

11. Conclusion The proposal to introduce English into the elementary school curriculum is not without controversy. Both proponents and opponents have very strong arguments to support their position. Considering the arguments put forward, this paper suggests more research should be carried out in elementary schools to determine whether there are real benefits for students, and, secondly, funding should also be provided to current English teachers to improve their English speaking and teaching ability. It is the view of this paper that the proposal should not be implemented without further research and conclusive evidence on the benefits of English in the elementary school. The writer states he/she is opposed to the proposal. This is a summary of the essay. The writer suggests further action.

12. Essay Analysis You have completed the analysis of an essay. You can see: Each paragraph is logically put together. Each paragraph clearly explains each reason. Each paragraph uses conjunctions. Each sentence is related to another sentence. Before you write a logical essay, you must do one thing. PLAN = write an outline

13. Outline Many people are asked, “What do you think of globalization?” For the majority, globalization is considered as leading people throughout the world to a better life: an easier, more convenient and comfortable life. However, globalization has negative effects on country’s culture, economic development and environment. The introduction outline on page 20 is the basis of this paragraph. The outline has simple sentences or notes. The paragraph contains conjunctions and proper punctuation.

14. Outline Task Make an outline for the essay on page 19. Use the outline on page 20 as an example. Write down the main points, important words and phrases. Use the list style. Make it NEAT.