1. Supplements and Erogenic Aids PSE 4U D. Del Duca 2013 (Dr. G. Parise, 2003)

2. DietandperformanceDietandperformance insufficient nutrition SupplementationSupplementation Due to illness, training, etc. desire to improve performance ErgogenicAidsErgogenicAids DopingDoping similar function, different intent

3. Supplements multi-billion dollar industry 50% of population has used supplements 75 - 100% of athletes are users industry targets people of all ages, gender, ethnicity, activity levels, etc. Anything that you can use to improve/modify your diet

4. Supplements Neutraceuticals and Functional Foods vitamins, plant extracts, etc. sold in "medicinal" forms physiological benefit or protection against illness similar in appearance, or is a "food", has physiological benefits and/or reduce risk of illness

5. Why Supplement? people know that diet can modify risk of disease people want to be in control of their health alternative medicine, complementary therapies, natural health products people have money to spend (relationship between money and effort)

6. Why are they so popular? 1.balanced diet - meal replacement? 2.prevent disease and illness 3.fight fatigue 4.enhance looks/enhance sexuality 5.improve performance 6.delay aging - antioxidants 7.increase vitality RegulationbecomesexceedinglyimportantRegulationbecomesexceedinglyimportant MEDIA - enormous impact on how we look at ourselves and what is deemed important

7. Regulation Two regulatory bodies in North America: Health Canada Food and Drug Administration (USA)

8. Regulatory Challenges how should Neut. and FF be classified? Foods or Drugs? what health claims should be allowed? what standards of evidence are necessary? how can these be regulated and still allow people to take control of their own health?

9. Regulation cont'd Policy needs to take the following into consideration: beneficial products should be available regulations should be fair enough to allow promotion of beneficial products health claims should be substantiated, truthful, and not misleading, and won't likely lead to harm

10. Regulation cont'd food: any article manufactured, sold or represented for use as food or drink my man, and any ingredient that may be mixed with food for any purposes drug: any substance or mixture of substances manufactured, sold, or represented for use in: diagnosis, treatment, prevention of disease restoring, correcting, or modifying function disinfection in premises in which food is manufactured, prepared, or kept

11. Regulation cont'd public perception: food v. drug (wellness v. illness) regulation: drugs have much more strict regulations Since "food" has more relaxed regulations, and better overall public perception, supplement companies have chosen to list their products under the category of food

12. Health Claims requirements for supporting evidence varies depending on the risk-benefit profile of the product standard of evidence should be proportional to the degree of risk claim to cure a disease requires HIGH standard of evidence, claim to decrease body fat will have LOW standard of evidence companies are not interested in marketing products that are research-driven

13. Marketing Supplements from 1996 - 2000, consumer spending quadrupled (over 25 Billion dollars) due to INTERNET SALES no increase in scientific evidence during this time, therefore, marketing was highly influential (and still is)

15. Marketing 1. Testimonials (before and after) posture, skin tone, muscle flexing, smiling,

16. Marketing 2. Product Name Jacked Assault Ryno Power

17. Marketing 3. Use of Research research sited does not show difference between control and experimental groups, that is, it is not scientifically proven that the product works, only that it may work in combination with exercise and healthy diet

18. Marketing 4. Sex Sells

19. Marketing 5. Use of Celebrities - MuscleTech signs Jose Bautista, Mario Williams, and Brad Richards (with Jon "Bones" Jones)

20. Ergogenic Aids (EAs) substances or devices that are used to improve exercise and athletic performance

21. Types of EAs Nutritional Pharmacological Physiological Psychological Mechanical

22. Nutritional CHO, Protein, Vitamins, H2O, Electrolytes e.g., CHO loading, protein supplementation, BCAAs, O2 water, vitamin water, Gatorade, etc.

23. Pharmacological Amphetamines caffeine anabolic steroids erythropoietin (EPO) hGH

24. Physiological Oxygen (hyperbaric chamber) blood doping

25. Psychological hypnosis rehearsal strategies stress management sport psychology

26. Mechanical extrinsic biomechanical aids e.g., aerodynamic suits (swimming, skiing, etc.), equipment physical warm-up

27. Doping use of a banned substance or methods that may enhance performance

28. Doping in Sport 3 Types: 1. state sponsored - Heidi Kreiger on "pills" since she was 11, gold medal champion in shot put East German program produced twice as many gold medals thanks to Manfred Ewald

29. Doping in Sport 2. Individual individuals hoping to transform mediocre careers into superstar status amateur athletes looking to get professional contract

30. Doping in Sport 3. Sporting Organizations turn a blind eye to drug use e.g., Tour de France (blood doping, EPO), Waterloo Football Program

31. Anti-Doping Why control doping in sports?

32. Controlling Doping Several reasons: safety ethical/moral issues integrity of sport and competition public perception

33. Safety deaths and illnesses related to doping and banned substances are the result of improper use of pharmacological and medical interventions in the pursuit of winning Danish cyclists (EPO) steroids and brain cancer long-term effects when youth dope

34. Ethics of Doping it is cheating - unnaturally enhancing your performance by modifying your own physiology there are rules in place morally wrong (and very difficult) to intentionally break the rules and try to cover it up science of doping is moving faster than the science of testing - athletes need to take responsibility for their own integrity, and the integrity of the sport

35. Spirit of Sport/Integrity When an athlete wins, was it because they were physically superior, better prepared, or were they pharmaceutically enhanced? imagine you were one of the competitors in the Tour de France during the past 15 years, and you competed cleanly what does that do to your sport?

36. Public Perception People want to see athletes perform at the highest level, athletes want to compete against other clean athletes reputation of Lance Armstrong before v. after sponsors want to support marketable sports reputation of the Tour de France before v. after

37. Take Home Points Supplements can be beneficial but need to be regulated - lots of gaps in science, marketing, and public knowledge doping is unsafe, and can affect the integrity and spirit of sport