2. “Watch This!” Maneuvering Flight Hazardous To Your Health? A Presentation of  FAA Aviation Safety Program  AOPA Air Safety Foundation

4. What you’ll learn  what MF is  how it can be deadly  minimizing risk Aerodynamic fallacies NOE flight  military, civilian “Watch this!” Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”

6. 1938: 125.9 2001: 6.28 GA Safety Record “Watch This”

7. Categories include  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions. Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”

8. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

9. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

10. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

11. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

12. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

13. 1. buzzing 399! (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

14. 1. Buzzing! 399 (44%) 2. stall/spin 276 (21%) 3. aerobatics 164 (61%) 4. blind canyon 38 (52%) 5. formation 29 (53%) 6. aerial work 15 (68%) 7. distractions 15 (26%) Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”  buzzing  formation  aerial work  stall/spin  blind canyon  aerobatics  distractions Which causes the fewest fatal accidents?

15. Buzzing: Patterns “Watch This” Three main patterns  distractions Freeze of first frame of buzzing artist painting nude on beach.

16. Buzzing “Watch This” 11% of GA fatalities. Buzzing fatality rate 44% 5% of all

17.  Pull ticket or assess fine – 80%  Hang them – 15%  Unprintable - 5%* *This IS a family program!. Pilot Opinions on Buzzers “Watch This” Proper penalty: Harms GA

18. Buzzing: Patterns “Watch This” Three main patterns  distractions Freeze of first frame of buzzing artist painting nude on beach.

19. “Watch This” Nall 2002 (2001 cases)  245  day and half Mechanical/maint  131 total  109 mechanical  11 electrical  11 oil system. Engine Failure! At altitude

20. Glide Ratios? “Watch This” 10 miles Light Single 11 miles Light Twin

21. Low Altitude Roulette “Watch This” Light Single at 200’ AGL A B C Distance from power failure point 500’ 1,000’ 2,000’

22. What Speed Is Best? “Watch This” Best glide speed?  best L/D  also best range Approx: 1.6 Vs1  C172 70 KIAS.

23. What Speed Is Best? “Watch This” Min sink speed?  also endurance Approx: 1.2 Vs1  C172 53 KIAS.

24. X

25. X 20 Knots

26. X

27. X

32. Engine Failure! on takeoff! “Watch This” A simple 180 back to the runway?

33. Engine Failure! on takeoff! “Watch This” 30 degree bank 75 degree bank 3 seconds 210 feet 20 seconds 380 feet

34. Best compromise  45-degree bank, 300-foot loss, 19% increase Other possibilities  Half-spins, wingovers, skids.  75-degree bank, 97%! Rising stall speeds  30-degree bank, <5% Engine Failure! on takeoff! “Watch This”

35. Towers  2000 AGL divides  FAR Part 77  No jurisdiction Tall towers less likely  Near (public) airports  In VFR fly-way. Other Hazards “Watch This”

36. Military NOE  realistic training  train the way you fight, fight the way you train Types of NOE  LOWAT  Surface Attack Tactics  LATN. NOE: Civilian/Military “Watch This”

37. Aerial Photography Recent experience Horror stories  Mike Fizer  Tom Horne. Formation Flight “Watch This”

38. Buzzing: Patterns “Watch This” Three main patterns  distractions Freeze of first frame of buzzing artist painting nude on beach.

39. Ag work  roll cage  wire cutters  deflectors  harnesses  helmet Hard life! You prepared?. Aerial Work “Watch This”

40. Special FAA waiver  aircraft  pilot  post 9/11 Time building It’s a drag!. Banner Towing “Watch This”

41. Buzzing: Patterns “Watch This” Three main patterns  distractions Freeze of first frame of buzzing artist painting nude on beach.

42. All too common  Second most “popular”  1,322  not always fatal  widely misunderstood Key: Angle of Attack. Stalls and Spins “Watch This”

43. Relative wind and flight path Stalls: Angle of Attack “Watch This”

44. Relative wind and flight path Stalls: Angle of Attack “Watch This”

45. Relative wind and flight path Stalls: Angle of Attack “Watch This”

47. Dive! Dive! Stalls: Angle of Attack “Watch This”

48. Sudden Pull-out Stalls: Angle of Attack “Watch This”

49. The Common Explanation Lift: Bernoulli “Watch This”

50. Lift: Bernoulli “Watch This” Angle of Attack and Separation Anxiety

51. The Truth About Lift “Watch This” It Ain’t Just Bernoulli

52. Angle of Attack “Watch This” Why Your Nose Pitches Down Center of Lift Center of Gravity

53. Where Stalls Occur “Watch This” Maneuvering 41% Go Around 6% Cruise 3% Climb 2% Takeoff 29% Approach 18%

54. Myth: Downwind Turns “Watch This”

55. No Myth: Wind Shear “Watch This”

56. 15.3% of Population 4.0% of Accidents 40.7% 46.1% 19.6% 36.9% 10.2% 21.7% Stalls and Spins “Watch This” Student Private Comm ATP

57. 15.3% of Population 4.0% of Accidents 40.7% 46.1% 19.6% 36.9% 10.2% 21.7% Stalls and Spins “Watch This” Student Private Comm ATP

58. Instructional flight  Study 1991-2000  44 fatal stall/spin  Majority? Most dual! Instructional accidents up Most maneuvering. INSTRUCTOR GENERAL’S WARNING: Flight Instructors May Cause Confusion, Injury or Death CFIs: Dangerous? “Watch This”

59. INSTRUCTOR GENERAL’S WARNING: Flight Instructors May Cause Confusion, Injury or Death Instructional Accidents “Watch This” 1991 20011996 1 st Quarter 2003 (annualized)

60. Sedona, AZ April 13  3 on BE-36  Runway 21 elev 4,827’  68’F, 1711G24 Slow acceleration  80% down 5,132’  struggling, nose-high  fence, into canyon. INSTRUCTOR GENERAL’S WARNING: Flight Instructors May Cause Confusion, Injury or Death “Watch This” Instructional Accidents

61. Fatal Stall/Spins “Watch This” 1945- 1948 1967- 1969 1972- 1979 2001 48% 22% 12% 6.7%

62. Spin altitude at beginning  39.1% < 250 agl  39.1% < 250 agl  20.4% 251-500 agl  20.4% 251-500 agl  20.0% 501-1,000 agl  20.0% 501-1,000 agl  7.1% > 1,000 agl.  7.1% > 1,000 agl. Stall recovery: <200 feet ASF Stall/Spin Study “Watch This”

63. Spin altitude loss  175’ for entry  175’ for entry  370’ for stopping spin  370’ for stopping spin  585’ feet in recovery  585’ feet in recovery Total: 1,130’ Pattern altitudes?. NASA Study “Watch This”

65. GA usually stalls 18 degrees or less AOA NASA study Keep flow over wingtips  Improve stall controllability  Minimize spins. Spin Resistance “Watch This”

66. NASA Study Modifying Wings:  AA-1 (Yankee) Spin Resistance “Watch This” Modified Wing Basic Wing 96%

67.  C23 (Beech Musketeer) Modified Wing Spin Resistance “Watch This” Basic Wing 98%

68. Modified Wing Spin Resistance “Watch This” Basic Wing 82%  Piper PA-28R (Arrow)

69. Modified Wing Spin Resistance “Watch This” Basic Wing 59%  Cessna 172 (Skyhawk)

70. Distractions  FAA-approved  Don’t realize Typical distractions  Go-arounds  Radios  Other aircraft  Turbulence  Equipment failure  CFIs & Examiners!. Distractions “Watch This” the examiner shall cause realistic distractions…..

71. “Watch This” Distractions

72. To improve safety  avoid buzzing  plan formations  understand stall/spin  learn to cope with distractions. Maneuvering Flight “Watch This”

74. Many Thanks To… “Watch This” Air Photographics Martinsburg, WV 111th Aerial Photography Squadron Morgan Hill, CA Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome Old Rhinebeck, NY Steve Kahn Wonderful World of Flying

75. Many Thanks To… “Watch This” Tom Shefchunas Alpha Trainer Alpha Trainer available from www.alphatrainer.com www.alphatrainer.com FAA Aviation Safety Program Kevin L. Clover National Program Manager

76. “Watch This!” Maneuvering Flight Hazardous To Your Health? A Presentation of  FAA Aviation Safety Program  AOPA Air Safety Foundation Attendance at this program meets the ground instruction requirements for the FAA Wings safety program awards.