2. Government & Politics In the beginning…

3. Definitions… Government: The institutions, people, and processes by which a nation-state or political unit is ruled and its public policy created and administered. Politics: The science or process of governing. Law: A rule of conduct or action that is binding for all and enforced by the government.

4. Purposes 1.Solves Conflict 2.Provides Public Service 3.National Security and Common Defense. 4.Goals for Public Policy. 5.Preserves the Culture. Where did they come from? 1.Force Theory- The strong will rule. 2.Divine Right Theory- God chooses the ruler, they rule as god. 3.Evolutionary Theory- Come from early families, tribes, groups… 4.Social Contract Theory- Locke, Give some control to gain some benefit. Types Autocracy- One centralized ruler Monarchy, Theocracy, Dictatorship, Oligarchy Democracy- Popular Sovereignty. direct, representative, Presidential, Parliamentary, Constitutional

5. The State Many people get the terms “state” and “nation” confused… You will know the difference A state is a body of people, living in a defined territory and organized politically. Like? A nation is a group of people who share the same heritage, culture or history. No defined territory. Like?

6. Can Wisconsin become a state?

7. Do the Palestinians have their own state?

8. What would you consider the smallest state in the world?

9. Origins of the state A person or group forced control over an area and people

10. The Evolution Theory States originated in the family. Start with single family and then expanded. Why is this a popular theory? What do you know about the origins of man and civilizations?

11. God gave individuals or groups the right to rule

12. 4. The Social Contract Theory People agreed to give up power to the state in return for the state’s service to the general well-being of the people. John Locke Thomas Hobbes

13. Necessary Evil Government is needed for society to function. Government is bad and should be LIMITED. Individual freedoms are the priority.

14. Positive Good Government is more than a punisher…it is a promoter of the common good. Government does for the community what individuals cannot do for themselves. Government is not just needed, it is desired. It protects us from ourselves, and provides us with safety and security.

15. Unnecessary Evil The eventual goal of the people is to get rid of government altogether. Government can not help but exploit the people. Communism…everyone works for the good of society

16. THE PURPOSE OF OUR GOV’T AS OUTLINED IN THE PREAMBLE OF THE CONSTITUTION

17. 1. To form a more perfect Union In union, there is greater strength

18. 2. To establish justice The law should be administered fairly, reasonably and impartially

19. 3. To Insure Domestic Tranquility Without order, people would live in anarchy

20. 4. Provide for the Common Defense A State’s security depends on a wise defense and sound foreign policies

21. 5. To promote the General Welfare To provide services and laws to protect everyone

22. 6. To Secure the Blessings of Liberty To protect everyone’s freedom

23. Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Power is seized and kept by force to be ruled by one.

24. Dictatorship Junta: Group of Generals Lead Pinochet ruled Chile after a military coup in 1973

25. Dictatorship Most common form of government in history Can you think of some PRESENT- day dictatorships?

26. Saddam Hussein Rules with personal preferences (arbitrarily).

27. Louis XIV Power to rule is generally passed down from the king to his eldest son (or if there is no son, to the queen or the eldest daughter). To which theory regarding the origins of the state is this form of government related?

28. What do you know about this person? How did she become queen? Does she really have power? Queen Elizabeth II

29. Constitution of a country in which God is regarded as the sole sovereign and the laws are seen as divine commands Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

30. Leaders are carefully selected and controlled from within the ranks. Mao Zedong

31. Government by the people exercised either directly or through elected representatives.

32. Forms of Government Who has the power? Power is held in a single, central agency This does NOT necessarily mean dictatorship Can you think of examples?

33. Power is divided between a central government and several local governments Around 26 countries have a federal government including…

34. 3. Confederate Government The central government has limited power with the most important authority reserved for member states Only one in the world… and it is no longer effective

35. Remember this flag?

36. Who can participate in government? In a democracy, the people hold the power and give the government the authority to rule over them… What is the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy? In the USA?

37. Tony Blair Legislative and executive branches of government are combined.

38. What you may do… You may vote when you are 18. You may have a trial by jury. What you may not do? You may not park in a fire lane. You may not steal. You may not murder. What you must do? You must have a driver’s license to drive a car. The police must have a warrant to search your property. You must register for the draft.

39. How did we get here? A brief history of our government.

40. Great Political Theorists From Plato to Marx and back again…

41. Plato 427-347 BCE The very essence of government is determined by the people who compose it. People do not have the brains to make decisions for a whole country. Each person should know their role…ruler, fighter, and producers

42. Aristotle 384-322 BCE Monarchy, aristocracy, and constitutional democracy. Monarchy is the best Poor must have some voice. There can be no extremes of wealth and poverty.

43. Niccolo Machiavelli 1469-1527 Power is the only goal of government Good and bad are relative to the situation. A good leader is ruthless, crafty, ambitious, and devious.

44. Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 Witnessed times of chaos, Revolution Government was a civilizing force. Governments must rule over people because people are equal and in competition

45. John Locke 1632-1704 People are reasonable and rational Laws are supreme and must be enforced equally A true democratic government is a government by consent of the people. The more communication the less need for revolution.

46. Baron de Montesquieu 1689-1755 The best government has three separate parts that represent each part of society. Human reason and morality are the LAW.

47. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 The people have ALL the power and it is unalienable! The Social Contract People need to serve the state.

48. Edmund Burke 1729-1797 Went against ideas of Locke and Rousseau People should NOT be given power. The wealthy, aristocrat is the only person capable and prepared to rule!

49. Karl Marx 1818-1898 The people are the only ones capable of ruling! (The Proletariat/worker) Revolution will overthrow the bourgeoisie (wealthy). Workers of the world unite! –V.I. Lenin –Mao Zedong

50. English Influence Limited Government & Representative Government Magna Carta (1215): Limits power and first effort to assert natural rights. English Bill of Rights (1688): Established certain basic rights for all British Citizens.

51. Articles of Confederation –Confederate –No tax, No judicial system. –Ineffective! T he Constitution F ederal System S eparation of Powers T hree Branches C hecks and Balances L imited Government P opular Sovereignty

52. Now what?