1. By: Clarissa Martin Vika Pasechnik Rachel Hernandez Emily Trost Alexandra Campbell

3. Introduction Goal: to compare – 1 Cheeseburger – 1 Medium French fry – 1 Medium Coke AMONG 10 FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS Focus: nutrient content! – Fat – Calories – CHO – Protein – Cholesterol – Sodium

4. Fat

5. Calories

6. CHO and Sugar

7. Fiber and Protein

8. Cholesterol and Sodium

9. Causes and Health Risks of Obesity Obesity is caused by a sedentary lifestyle and regularly consuming foods high in fat, sodium, and sugar. Obesity is defined as an increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat with a BMI (body mass index) of 30 kg/m2 or more. Health risks associated with diets high in… Fat=Increase in LDL=heart disease such as atherosclerotic plaques. Sodium=High blood pressure=increases the risk of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Sugar=increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, cancer, sleep apnea, stroke, coronary artery disease and heart attack.

10. Facts and Results In 2003 obesity resulted in over $75 billion in medical expenses, half of which came from Medicare and Medicaid. – (Gostin, 2005) From its origin in 1950, fast food has grown to an estimated ~ 250,000 restaurants in the U.S. (Pereira, et al., 2005). Fast-Food Restaurants – From worst to best on avg. 1.Sonic 2.Rally’s 3.Jack in the Box 4.Wendy’s 5.Burger King 6.McDonald’s 7.Carl’s Jr. 8.Fat Burger 9.In-n-Out 10.Wienerschnitzel

11. Interesting Study and Survey Results Aim: to investigate the association between fast food intake, weight gain, and insulin resistance. 15 year study (6 clinical exams w/in 15 years) 3031 subjects completed protocol – (subjects: black/white men/women) (age 18-30 in 1985-86) Results: subject who had fast-food >2x wk – gained an extra 4-5kg of bodyweight (p=0.054) independent of average normal wt. gain. – had 2 fold greater resistance to insulin (p=0.0083) Conclusion: fast-food consumption increases risk of obesity and type-2 diabetes. – (Pereira, et al., 2005).

12. References Fast food. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. November 7, 2009, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fast food Gostin, L. O. (2005, March-April). Fast and Supersized: Is the Answer to Diet by Fiat? Hastings Center Report, 11-12. Obesity-Health Risks of Obesity. WebMD - Better information. Better health.. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2009.. Pizzorno, Joseph. Integrative Medicine and wellness. webmd.com. N.p., 4 May 2007. Web. 30 Oct. 2007.. Sizer, F. and Whitney, E. (2008) Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 11 th Edition, Thomson-Wadsworth, Inc. Pereira, M. A., Kartashov, A. L., Ebbeling, C. B., Horn, L. V., Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., et al. (2005). Fast-Food habits, weight gain, and insulin resistance (the CARDIA study): 15-year prospective analysis. Lancet, 365, 36-42.