1. The Body Systems and Homeostasis How you work and stay alive

2. Regulation Regulation: Maintenance over time. This is mainly done by the Nervous and Endocrine systems

3. The Nervous System Controlled by the brain Made of nerves which are bundles of neurons

4. Neuron

5. The Brain 1.Cerebrum: Conscious thought, feelings, language, “humanness.” 2.Cerebellum: Coordination, balance 3.Medulla Oblongata: Involuntary actions.

6. The Brain

7. Synapses

8. The Endocrine system Controlled by the brain: pituitary, hypothalamus Made of glands that secrete hormones Examples: adrenals, pancreas, testes, uterus

10. Endocrine vs. Nervous The Endocrine systems sends complex messages (“go through puberty”) that lasts a long time. The nervous systems sends short, simple messages (“MOVE”, “JUMP”). Endocrine messages are sent using hormones in the circulatory system Nervous messages are sent using electrochemical signals using the nervous system

11. The Digestive System Breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs nutrients, eliminates undigested waste. Mouth>Esophagus>stomach>Small Intestine>Large Intestine>Exit PERISTALSIS Mechanical Digestion: Breaks food into smaller pieces (teeth, bile) Chemical Digestion: Breaks bonds between atoms in the food (enzymes, gastric juices).

12. The Digestive System (pic)

13. The Excretory System The various organs used to get rid of waste products Lungs, Skin, Urinary System (kidneys and bladder)

14. Circulation Moves blood throughout the body. Brings nutrients to cells (oxygen), removes waste from cells. Blood vessels: Heart > Arteries > Arterioles> Capillaries > veinules > Veins > Heart The Heart pumps the blood through the blood vessels.

16. The Heart

17. The Respiratory System Supplies the body with oxygen, which is needed for cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6o2 -> 6CO2 + 6 H20 Oxygen and CO2 are exchanged between the body and the atmosphere at the lungs.

20. The Immune System Provides defense from harmful foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses) and substances. The “Non-specific” Immune System is the physical barriers your body has (mucus, skin, gastric juice, etc) and the inflammatory response to wounds. The “specific” immune system: White Blood Cells produce antibodies for a particular disease organism (“antigen”). The antibodies “tag” the disease organism for destruction by other white blood cells.

21. Homeostasis Homeostasis: the internal balance needed to remain alive. Examples: reflexes, glucose regulation, valves, respiratory cilia, water balance,

22. Disease Any disruption of homeostasis Examples: Emphysema, HIV, Heart Attack, Stroke, Diabetes, Hemophilia, Cancer, ulcers.