2. Chapter 6 Section 4 Notes

3. 509 B.C. 264 B.C. 218 B.C. 44 B.C. A.D. 284 A.D. 476 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D. 500 6 CHAPTER Time Line 500 B.C.A.D. 500 HOME Rome becomes a republic. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire, becomes emperor. The First Punic War with Carthage begins. Conspirators kill Julius Caesar. Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus.

4. I. A Century of Crises

5. A. Rome’s Economy Declines

6. 1. Gold and Silver began to slow from conquered areas

7. 2. There was not enough grain for all peoples

8. 3. Hostile tribes and pirates began to disrupt trade

9. 4. Wars and large amounts of soldiers began to strain the treasury

10. 5. The rich began to spend money on luxury

11. 6. Government begins to raise taxes

12. 7. Inflation began

13. a. Drop in value of money and rise in prices of goods

14. B. Rome Faces Military Upheaval

15. 1. Germanic tribes began to attack the borders

16. 2. Persia became a threat in Syria and Anatolia

17. 3. Discipline and loyalty to Rome began to fade to commanders in army

18. C. Roman Politics Decay

19. 1. Loyalty was a problem

20. 2. Patriotism faded

21. 3. People didn’t care about the Empires fate

22. 4. Local officials had to pay more and more out of their own pockets

23. a. Fewer people chose to serve in the government

24. 5. Time period between 235 and 284 there were 25 emperors that died violently

25. II. Emperors Attempt Reform ( Two Despots )

26. A. 284 Diocletian

27. 1. Restored order by increasing size of army

28. 2. Limited personal freedoms

29. 3. Drafted prisoners of war and hired German mercenaries

30. 4. Fixed prices on goods

31. 5. Ordered people to stay in their jobs for life

32. 6. Persecuted Christians

33. 7. Divided the Empire into two parts

34. a. Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire)

35. 1. Wealthier

36. 2. Capitol at Byzantium

37. b. Western Roman Empire (Holy Roman Empire)

38. 1. Co ruler general Mazimian

39. B. Constantine Moves the Capitol

40. 1. Renames the capitol in the east from Byzantium to Constantinople

41. 2. Declares Christianity the official religion of the Eastern Empire in 313

42. III. Invaders Overrun the Western Empire

43. A. Since time of Julius Caesar Germanic tribes were north of the Danube River

44. B. By 376 to 476 large numbers threatened the borders

45. C. Germanic Tribes included

46. 1. Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Burgundians, Vandals and others

47. D. Huns were fierce Mongol nomads that forced the Germans into the Roman Empire

48. 1. Attila the Hun was their fierce leader

49. 2. He was finally defeated in 451 by a combined army of Romans and Germans at the Battle of Chalon, Gaul

50. E. Rome’s last Latin ruler was 14 year old Romulus Augustulus

51. F. Romulus was defeated by the German King Odoacer in 476A.D. the date given as the Fall of the Roman Empire