1. NicolausCopernicus He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information.He bellieved the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.

2. Copernicus’ Revolutionary Thoery Read the text and answer these questions: 1) Why was Copernicus frightened and confused? 2) How many years later did he publish his theory since it was complete. 3) What did his theory replace? 4) How many scientists are mentioned in the passage?Who are they? 5) What is Copernicus’ revolutionary thoery?

3. lead to 导致，通向 1 ） All roads lead to Rome. 2 ） The discovery of new evidence led to _______. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 条条大道通罗马 C ◆

4. ◆ Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky. = The movements of the other planets in the sky make sense only if you put the sun there. eg. 1 ） Only if your identity has been checked, _____. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in D “Only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句 ” 位于句首, 句子要倒装。 2 ） Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge. 3 ） Only in this way can we work out the maths problem. make sense

5. ◆ make sense 有意义，有道理，说得通 1 ） What you say makes no sense. 2) It would make sense to leave early. 3) Can you make sense of this poem? 你说的话没有道理 还是早点走好。 （是明智的，合理的） 你看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂） ◆ Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.

6. at times = sometimes at a time at one time (at) any time at no time at the same time 有时，不时 一次，每次 曾经，一度 随时，在任何时候 决不，在任何时候都不 同时，然而 ◆ Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.

7. ◆ 1) He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going around it and only the moon still going round the earth. 2)He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. ◆ Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built.

8. ◆ As a scientist,one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.So he had hidden his theory for so many years.What do you think of this? Agree: 1.He was cautious.if he had published his ideas,he would have been killed just as Bruno who was burned to death because his theory was against the Chritian Church. 2.Every time when a new idea appears,there are always rejections.It’s normal.Scientists should have patience to spread their truth. 3.It made no sense for him to publish his theory in a hurry.He was just cautious not coward.He should protect himself first.

9. Disagree: 1.Copernicus was very coward.He should speak out his discovery and let the world know the truth earlier. 2.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. 3.As a scientist,you must have the courage to publish your findings.No matter how people oppose them,time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.

10. Page 42 Ex.2 1.Apart from going to the park,I have not been outside my flat this summer. 2.The result of the scientific experiments are valuable to us and they will contribute to the success of our research. 3.In addition to a good income I am offering you a new flat to live in. 4.It is difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence. 5.Please check carefully after you complete the writing and make sure all the sentences make sense.

11. 6.You are going to attend the lecture,aren’t you? But you don’t seem very enthusiastic about it. 7.Too much work and too little rest often leads to illness. 8.The government announced that the disease was under control. 9.Professor Yang is strict with his assistants.They must do the experients according to his instructions.

12. PrefixMeaningExample co-togetherco-operative, co-opt co-ordinate Im- in- un- dis- notimpossible,impractical,inactiv e,inaccurate,unnecessary,unl ucky.disadvantage,dishonest, Mid-In the middle mid-air,mid-day,mid-Atlantic.

13. mis-wrong,badl y misunderstsnd,misinfor m, Over-too muchoverweight over Re-againrewrite,rebuild, Teledistanttelephone,telescope, telegram undernot enghunderpaid,underdevelop ed underdone