1. Beginnings of the Global Age Europe, Africa & Asia 1415-1796

2. Unit Objective:
To understand how EARLY TRADE NETWORKS helped the world move toward GLOBALIZATION.

3. What do we already know?
Why did European explorers want to travel to Asia?
Why did Europeans find potentially dangerous sea routes preferable to over-land routes?

4. Which statement do you most agree with?
Spreading religion is a valid reason for conquering other people
B. Obtaining wealth is a valid reason for conquering
Spreading democracy is a valid reason
There are no valid reasons

5. Motivations for Exploring the Seas
Sailors had to get over their fear of the Earth being flat. And their fear of sea monsters like Krakens and Leviathans.
By the 1400’s, Europe’s population had grown after the Black Death (plague)
Spices preserved and flavored food, made medicine and perfume
The Spice Islands were in present-day Indonesia
Spices could not be grown elsewhere. (Europe’s Climate was not good for growing the spice plants.)
See map pg. 85

6. Giant Squid
A giant squid has never lived for more than a few days in captivity.
Most are found dead.

7. Sailor’s Impact
Many scientists believe sailing vessels changed shark habits.
Many sharks started following ships waiting to feast on the fish drawn to the ship’s waste.
The “Middle Passage” in the Atlantic Slave Route also has drawn a larger number of sharks to the area.

8. It followed me home! Can I keep him?

10. Controlling trade between Europe and Asia
Arab merchants brought goods from Asia to Mediterranean ports
Italian Merchants sold goods from Asia within Europe
Europeans paid higher prices because of the middle-man!
Europeans wanted to control the spice trade via sea routes to Asia
The sea routes are also faster.

11. Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal Sails East
Prince Henry paid for explorers and was able to expand Portugal into N. Africa
Prince Henry wanted to:
1. Convert Africans to Christianity
2. Find sources of riches within Africa
3. Find an easier route to Asia by going around Africa
See map pg. 85
Prince Henry the Navigator
Gave Portugal the reputation of a sea faring nation.

12. Mapped western coast of Africa, redesigned ships, and trained crews.
Bartholomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa in The tip became known as the Cape of Good Hope because it opened the sea route to Asia.

13. Vasco da Gama 1497 - sailed around Cape of Good Hope to India.
Da Gama left Portuguese merchants in India to buy goods, and took control of key ports around the Indian Ocean, creating a trading empire for Portugal.

14. Columbus Seeks the East Indies
While from Portugal, only Spain would sponsor his trip to sail West in order to reach E. Asia.
Spain’s King and Queen sought riches.
In 1492, he sailed w/the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria looking for a direct sea route to India.
Greatly underestimated the Earth’s size.

15. Landed on Caribbean islands.
Thought he was in East Indies, so called the natives “Indians.”
Credited with finding a route to two unknown continents.

16. Columbus’s Four Voyages

17. Columbus on the Natives
"They... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded everything they owned.... They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane.... They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want."

18. Line of Demarcation
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella claimed the lands of the new world.
The Pope divided the non-European world into two spheres: Spain had trading and exploration rights in lands west of the line; Portugal, east of the line.
Formalized in the Treaty of Tordesillas.
See map Pg. 85
Question: How did the Treaty of Tordesillas affect competition among European nations? Why?

19. America
Amerigo Vespucci, a sea captain, wrote about Brazil and called it “America.”
“The Americas” came to be used for both continents.

20. The Search for a Direct Route
The English, Dutch and French explored N. America looking for a direct route to Asia (a northwest passage)
Spanish explorer Balboa crossed Panama with help from the natives and reached the Pacific Ocean.
Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) searched S. America for a direct route to Asia. He found the way around tip of S. America & named it the Strait of Magellan

21. Magellan
Magellan’s crew wanted to turn back, but he pressed on. He greatly underestimated the size of the Pacific.
Landed in the Philippines 4 months later where he was killed.
The survivors returned to Spain 3 yrs later, the first to circumnavigate (sail around) the world.
Are you Gellin?

23. Chuck Norris