2. CLIMATE WARM-UP 1.What do you need to know to understand climate? 2.What questions do you have about climate? Class List

3. CLIMATE Definition Weather vs. climate Basic parts: Temperature Precipitation Advanced parts: Type/timing of precipitation # of days of sunshine Wind speed and direction # days above freezing Weather extremes

4. DAILY REVIEW #1 1.Where do you think a climate like this exists? Average daily temperatures ranging between 0°C and 25°C Average 0.004 inches of rain a year Some parts have not had rain for over 400 years In July 2011, an extreme Antarctic cold front brought 31 in of snow 2.Why did you pick this location and what do you think causes it to have this type of climate? 3.Pick a location in the world and describe its climate to someone who has never been there. Where is it? End

5. HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT THE CLIMATE WAS LIKE? How old is the Earth? Direct evidence Examples Indirect evidence Examples Paleoclimate Human records

6. CLIMATE CLUES…ROCKS Uniformitarianism Define Examples Striations Glaciers Types of soil/rocks Glaciers and ice caps Rivers or lakes

7. CLIMATE CLUES….OCEANS Sediment What it is made of? Varying oxygen-18 levels High = ? Low = ? Coral Use sun to grow Each year = ring of growth Growth affected by Water temp. Cloudiness of water Chemical composition of water Disease and algal blooms

8. ICE CORE LAB Create a table: 5 observations/measurements 3 layers Layer #1 = bottom, #3 = top

9. DAILY REVIEW #2 4.What conclusions did you come to about climate from the ice core lab? 5.An ocean core sample was taken and the things were observed about one of the layers of sediment: High level of oxygen – 18 A high number of diatom and other shells  What would you say was happening in the climate when that sediment was formed? 6.What are two different things that would show up in an area that used to have ice sheets or glaciers? 7.What is the principle of uniformitarianism? End

10. CLIMATE CLUES…ICE What is an ice core?ice core What creates the layers? Greenland, Antarctica, Alaska, Himalayas Last 110,000 years Conclusions Thickness of the layers More = ? Presence of ash = Presence of dust = Bubbles =

11. TREE RING LAB 1.Make a list of factors that affect tree growth. 2. Determine how old your tree was. 3.Find a narrow ring. What do you think a thin ring indicates? What kind of climate did the tree live in during this year? 4.Find a wide ring. What do you think a thin ring indicates? What kind of climate did the tree live in during this year? 5.What are the challenges involved in trying to determine global climate from tree rings?

12. CLIMATE CLUES…PLANTS Dendrochronology New layer each year Thicker ring = Thinner ring = Wildfire scars Last 9,000 years Fossils and pollen (palynology) What can they tell you about climate? Tropical plants in Rocky Mountains Fish in Wyoming