1. *Refer to Chapter 3 in your Textbook

2. Learning Goals: 1. I can explain how a hotspot forms an island chain. 2. I can label the structure of a barrier island. 3. I can differentiate between the 3 types of reefs.

3. Hot Spots Wilson (1963) 1. Volcanoes can form in the middle of a plate where magma rises upward until it erupts on the sea floor, at what is called a “hot spot” 2. The hotspot will stay still as the plate moves, creating a chain of islands

4. Hot Spots

5. Barrier Islands Barrier Islands form when a piece of the mainland is broken off and separated by a body of water (lagoon) They can be very large and can be ideal for beaches & hotels, but are also vulnerable to erosion and weather

6. Barrier Islands

7. Barrier Island Structure Ocean, Beach, Dune, Flat, Marsh, Lagoon Dune: top of the beach, usually inclining to protect the coastline Barrier flat: thick vegetation Salt marsh: swamp

8. Reef Formation Fringing: Most common Form along shoreline of coast or island The fore side (facing the ocean) has the most biological activity

9. Reef Formation Barrier: Forms when island begins to sink or when there is a rock for the coral to grow on Separated from land by a lagoon Usually much larger than a fringing reef

10. Reef Formation Atoll: Forms when island sinks below sea level The remains of the island are carried away by the tectonic plate, leaving behind a circular reef