1. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Infrastructure Development Bridging the National & International Levels: The Euratom Experience and expertise Sotiris Synetos, Euratom Safeguards IAEA Technical Meeting on Infrastructure development

2. The Euratom Treaty Signed at Rome in 1957 One of the founding EU treaties Formal name is the European Atomic Energy Community

3. The Tasks of the Euratom Community a. promote research ……………. b. establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public ……………….; c. facilitate investment …………………………………….. g. ……….. the creation of a common market in specialized materials and equipment, ……………………………………….; h. establish relations with other countries and international organizations ……………………………

4. Euratom Safeguards ……..the Commission shall satisfy itself that, in the territories of Member States: a) nuclear materials are not diverted from their declared uses b) any obligations assumed under an agreement concluded with a third State or an international organization are complied with.

5. Milestones in Euratom Safeguards 1957 The Euratom Treaty 1959 Safeguards Office operational 1978 NPT Safeguards regime 2004 AP implementation commences 2010 Integrated safeguards in the 25 EU NNWS Worldwide standard: CSA +AP

6. Euratom safeguards in numbers 2 25 200 1000 1500 2 000 000 nuclear weapons member states non-nuclear weapons member states Staff-mostly Inspectors MBAs inspections per year lines of a/c data per year

7. Declaration of Facilites Declaration of Nuclear Materials Provisions relating to inspections Sanctions The Elements of Euratom Safeguards

9. Euratom & IAEA – Euratom as RSAC 1977 entry into force of Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the IAEA INFCIRC/193 (plus INFCIRC/263 UK, INFCIRC/290 F) 2004 EU Additional Protocols

10. The benefits of RSACs Complement to IAEA Facilitator for IAEA logistics, equipment, maintenance QC of data passed to IAEA Confidence building for its members

11. Which expertise can Euratom offer ? Legal and Regulatory framework Experience with integrating new member states (with and without nuclear programs) Experience in dealing with the IAEA requirements Guidance for states considering a Regional Model Robust accountancy system-IAEA compliant-reporting tools developed- from Ores to waste Obligation accountancy- to meet bilateral agreements

12. Which expertise can Euratom offer ? AP implementation-appropriate reporting tools and databases developed Equipment development – often together with the JRC and the IAEA-(big) customer perspective Training services for inspectors: opening up of in- house or JRC training- about 40 different courses Safeguards interfaces nuclear security export controls illicit trafficking