2. Newton’s Laws of Motion Objective: Students will investigate Newton’s Laws with application to space travel.

3. The Laws 1. Objects at rest will stay at rest, and objects in motion will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 2. Force = mass x acceleration. 3. For every action there is always an opposite and equal reaction.

4. Terms acceleration- A change in speed. action/reaction- An unbalanced force exerted in one direction accompanied by an equal force in the opposite direction. force- A push or pull. mass- Amount of matter in an object.

5. motion- A condition in which an object is moving in relation to its sur- roundings. rest- A condition in which an object is not moving in relation to its sur- roundings. unbalanced force- A net push of pull in one direction. weight- Force of gravity upon object.

6. Newton’s Laws of Motion 1. Objects at rest will stay at rest, and objects in motion will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

7. Inertia/Gravity u Can anyone relate this law to our classroom demonstration with the coin?

8. Example u terms to understand rest-state of an object when it is not changing position in relation to its surroundings. motion-changing position in relation to surroundings

9. First Law continued unbalanced force-tennis ball is being acted upon by forces---- Gravity is trying to pull the ball downward while my hand is pushing against the ball to hold it up.

10. Review 1st law u Can anyone state Newton’s 1st Law of Motion? u How does law relate to rocketry? u How does this law explain the landing of Pathfinder on Mars? u What about the basketball rolling across the floor?

11. Skipping to the 3rd Law of Motion 1. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. u Example: our alka seltzer rockets!!!! u Have you ever stepped off a small boat that has not been properly tied to a pier? u Look at riding a skate board as an example. u stepping off = action u skateboard moving = reaction

12. Review of 3rd Law u Who can state Newton’s 3rd Law? u How does this law relate to a shuttle liftoff?

13. Balloon Rocket Activity u We will make balloon rockets to illustrate Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion!!!

14. Now back to Newton’s 2nd Law u This law is a mathematical statement. u The three parts of the equation are mass(m), acceleration(a), and force(F). u F=ma

15. Newton’s 2nd Law u Force equals mass times acceleration. u What happens to the astronaut zipping around in the MMU depends on Newton’s 2nd Law.

16. Example of the increased payload u What happens when a small person launches my rocket? u What happens when a strong person launches my rocket with added “payload”? u How is this explained by the 2nd law? u Do you have questions about any of the laws?

17. SUMMARY Putting Newton’s Laws of Motion together u An unbalanced force must be exerted for a rocket to lift off from a launch pad or for a craft in space to change speed of direction.(1st law) u The movement of a rocket is determined by the relationship between the force produced by the rocket engine and the masses of the rocket itself and the gasses being ejected by the engine.(2nd law)

18. Summary continued u The reaction, or motion, of the rocket is equal to and in an opposite direction from the action, produced by the gases ejected from the engine.(3rd law) u Do you have questions or comments?

19. Newton’s Laws of Motion once more 1. Objects at rest will stay at rest, and objects in motion will stay in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 2. Force = mass x acceleration 3. For every action there is always an opposite and equal reaction.

20. THE END Listen for instructions and GOOD LUCK ON YOUR BALLOON ROCKETS