2.  Culture  Premise that one nation equals one society, not necessarily true  Collective programming of a group of people. Learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs  Management implications of Behavioral Attributes of Culture

3.  Power Distance The extent to which less powerful members of a society think that power is distributed equally  Uncertainty Avoidance  The extent to which people in a society feel threatened by ambiguous situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid such situations.

4.  Collectivism/individuality  Collectivism is the tendency of people to belong to groups and to look after each other in exchange for loyalty.  Individualism is the tendency for people to look after themselves and their immediate family. Masculinity a society in which dominant values are success, money and things Femininity a situation in which dominant values are caring for others and the quality of life.

5.  Long term orientation  -persistence  -ordering relationships by status and observing this order  -thrift  -having a sense of shame   Short term orientation  -personal steadiness and stability  -protecting your ‘face’  -respect or tradition  -reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts

6.  Universalism vs. Particularism  Universalism is the belief that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere without modification. Particularism is the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied.  Individualism vs. Communitarianism  People referring to themselves as individuals as apposed to seeing themselves as part of a group.  Neutral vs. Emotional  In a neutral culture emotions are held in check but in emotional cultures emotions are openly and naturally expressed.  Specific/Diffuse  In a specific culture individuals have a large public space they readily share and a small private space that is guarded closely and shared with few people. In a diffuse culture both public and private space are similar and individuals guard their public space carefully.

7.  Achievement vs. Ascription In an achievement culture people are accorded status based on how well they perform their functions, and in ascription culture status is attributed based on who or what a person is. Time In some cultures time is sequential and schedules are kept strictly, but in synchronous culture appointments tend to be approximate and not as important as relationships.

8.  Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness.  Some GLOBE Dimensions  Assertiveness  Future Orientation  Performance Orientation  Humane Orientation  Gender Differentiation

9.  Group Affiliation: Acquired Vs. Ascribed  Meaning of Work; Motivation, Leadership Styles  Beliefs about Success, Locus of Control, Achievement, Ethics etc......  Managerial Implications of Above.  Decision making, centralization vs. decentralization, rewards, formal vs. informal procedures, short term vs. long term, reward systems

10. First poster : A man lying in the hot desert sand totally exhausted and fainting. Second poster : The man is drinking Coca-Cola. Third poster : Our man is now totally refreshed. And then these posters were pasted all over the place. "Terrific! That should have worked!" said the friend. "The hell it should have!" said the salesman. "No one told me they read from right to left!"