1. ® Rainer Abendt Dr.- Ing. Rainer-Werner Abendt Nuremberg Contact: rainer.abendt@gmx.de Waste Water Workshop in Nairobi 29-th August till 03-rd September 2011 Why Sewage Purification ?

2. ® Rainer Abendt Why Sewage Purification ? Water is Scarce!

3. ® Rainer Abendt It is true, waste water disposal is expensive! But it is necessary! Why? It`s undeniable: Supply of clean water to the population is critical for health and hygiene provision. (National Water Services) With increased distribution of water comes increased wastewater production, and subsequently your wastewater disposal system must be functional. If this is not done well, preventable disease epidemics like cholera, transmitted via water, will be the order of the day. Therefore, the construction of a sewage system is a health provision. A hygiene measure! This evolution already began in Europe 100 years ago. Why Sewage Purification ?

4. ® Rainer Abendt Effluent Standards (emission) Water Quality Standards (imission) Education Standards: labours and academic Health and Safety Standards 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 4 Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ?

5. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? Women drawing contaminated water possibly from a burst pipe. © UN-HABITAT

6. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? Water Kiosk in Kamukunji Community, Kenya © Global Water Operators’ Partnerships Alliance Public Toilet in Kamukunji Community, Kenya

7. ® Rainer Abendt Urban area Evolution of water crowd: - Sewer construction Evolution in sewer network: - By-laws Evolution of Water quality: - Sewer operation Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? First step! Without Stormwater Drainage ?

8. ® Rainer Abendt Why Sewage Purification ? Sewer network of Nuremberg Treatment plants Sewer network Stormwater tank

9. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? Water quality of the river

10. ® Rainer Abendt Effluent Standards of Important Parameters (Europe): COD BOD 5 Ammonia N tot P tot Suspended Solid Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ?

11. ® Rainer Abendt Laboratory operating data Demands on the sludge Legal orders secure disposal government control Automatic monitoring Legal orders Planning Accompany projects Treatment plant (Process system) Product 2 " Sludge" Product 1 „Clean Water" Urban area Evolution of water crowd: - Sewer construction Evolution in sewer network: - By-laws Evolution of Water quality: - Sewer operation Electrical engineering Automizitation Machine engineering Maintenance Building Administration Personnel Documentation Financial management Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ?

12. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? Primary Sedimentation Tanks © WSTF

13. ® Rainer Abendt Waste Water Treatment Sludge Disposal 54,7% 45,3% The relationship between the Cost of Waste Water Treatment & Sludge disposal: Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ?

14. ® Rainer Abendt Why Sewage Purification ?

15. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? Who operates all the machines? What must the technicians know ?

16. ® Rainer Abendt Staff Knowledge Technician Master Technician Technician

17. ® Rainer Abendt Why Do We Need Sewage Purification ? First step: Design of A Sewer System