1. DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE RESPONSE ZONES USING NETWORK ROUTING TO DETERMINE SERVICE AREAS AND RESPONSE TREES Alex Smith Capstone Peer Review Presentation October 1, 2008 Advisor: Dr. Alexander Klippel

2. Outline  Background Information  Problem  Potential methods of segmentation  Proposed procedures  Questions

3. Richland County, South Carolina  767 Square miles  350,000 people  Important features  Fort Jackson – 52,000 Acre Army basic training facility  Congaree Swamp National Park – 26,000 Acres

4. Richland County, South Carolina  Map of SC  Map of Richland County County LocationCounty Detail

5. Emergency Dispatch  675,000 calls per year to 911 Center result in 475,000 incident dispatches

6. Fire Response  38,000 fire dispatches per year – 105 per day  3600 road miles  30 fully staffed fire stations “Preserve lives, property and resources”

7. 911/ Dispatch Procedures (Quickly) 1. Citizen dials 911 2. Call routed by phone carrier to Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) 3. Call answered at 911 Center 1. Phone carrier provides number, address, and Emergency Services Number (ESN) 4. Nature of call determined (Police, Fire, EMS) 5. Closest unit determined and dispatched*

8. Outline  Background  Problem Explained  Potential methods of segmentation  Proposed procedures  Questions

9. Problem Explained  Currently, the way in which a fire suppression unit is chosen for dispatch is…less than desireable  Dispatch may not be same in two identical incidents at the exact same location  There exist two methods – neither of which has been updated or maintained completely over the past 7 years  Emergency Services Number (ESN)  Computer Aided Dispatching (CAD) System

10. Proposed Solution  For every location within Richland County, I will develop a call list, in order, of the 10 quickest responding units of each type (Engine, Ladder, Battalion, Pumper, Brush)  Any time a call location is determined, a simple point in polygon analysis will determine the call list of responding stations  The resulting methodology will be repeatable, providing for updated data in the future

11. Outline  Background  Problem  Potential methods of segmentation  Proposed procedures  Questions

12. Straight Line Distance Voronoi Tesselation or Thiessen Polygons

13. Straight Line Distance  Quick  Easy  Does not take into account actual travel time  Calculates as if fire response apparatus did not require roads AdvantagesDisadvantages

14. Raster Allocation - Cost

15.  Quick and relatively simple  Better result than straight line distance  Can not provide for unique situations such as one way roads  Does not provide as good a result as is possible with vector based calculations AdvantagesDisadvantages

16. Vector Based Network Analysis

21.  Most accurate results of methods available  Parameters can be tweaked  Includes one-way streets and turn prohibitors  Difficult to set up  Cumbersome analysis  Results need human verification AdvantagesDisadvantages

22. Outline  Background  Problem  Potential methods of segmentation  Proposed procedures  Questions

23. First Closest – 4 Units

24. Second Closest – 4 Units

25. Third Closest – 4 Units

26. Fourth Closest – 4 Units

27. 4 Units – Call List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

28. 4 Units – Call List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 122334

29. 4 Units – Call List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 122334 213243

30. 4 Units – Call List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 122334 213243 331422

31. 4 Units – Call List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 122334 213243 331422 444111

32. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

33. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

34. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3 2 4 1

35. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3

36. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3 2

37. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3 2 4

38. 4 Units – 911 Call 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 3 2 4 1

39. Network Impedances  Speed Limits  Street Widths  Other Factors  One way streets  Turn Prohibitors Medians and fencing  Locked gates  Distance or time?  Temporal Variables  Daily and seasonal

40. 10 Closest – by drive time

42. Final Intended Results  A map in which at every location, we can immediately determine the response list of units to dispatch in an fire emergency  1 st to 10 th responder for each type of apparatus

43. Use of Final Results  Emergency dispatch for fire Richland County Fire Response Plan

44. Use of Final Results  Commercial Fire!!! 153

45. Use of Final Results  Commercial Fire!!! Commercial Fire Response 2 Engines 1 Tanker 2 Battalions 1 Ladder Richland County Fire Response Plan

46. Timeline  October 1, 2008 – Peer Review Proposal  December 2008 – complete analysis  January 2008 – test and verify results  February 2008 – finalize and finish presentation  February 19, 2008 – presentation at North Carolina GIS Conference in Raleigh, NC

47. Alexander Smith alexwsmith@gmail.com Advisor: Dr. Alexander Klippel Questions??