1. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Police Technology Police Technology Chapter Seven Police Technology Communications Dispatch Centers

2. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Learning Objectives How hardwired and wireless universal emergency number calls reach a public safety answering point. How hardwired and wireless universal emergency number calls reach a public safety answering point. What kinds of information are automatically included in a 9-1-1 call What kinds of information are automatically included in a 9-1-1 call Basic functions of computer aided dispatch systems Basic functions of computer aided dispatch systems Basic functions of an intelligent transport system Basic functions of an intelligent transport system

3. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Introduction The dispatch centers primary purpose: Manage calls for service from the public Manage calls for service from the public Provide communication and information support to field police officers Provide communication and information support to field police officerspolice officerspolice officers Some centers are the first point of collection of police statistics Some centers are the first point of collection of police statistics Photograph provided by Gary Allen, Dispatch Monthly Magazine

4. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Public Safety Answering Point The first task of the dispatch center is to be the public safety answering point (PSAP) Today, 9-1-1 calls go to the PSAP

5. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Universal Emergency Number Before 9-1-1, people could: dial the operator or dial the operator or dial the police (fire, ambulance) directly dial the police (fire, ambulance) directly The telephone operator was the de facto public safety answering point.

6. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Universal Emergency Number When 9-1-1 service began, you were connected with your PSAP, but only your telephone number was available to the PSAP. No address, name, etc. When 9-1-1 service began, you were connected with your PSAP, but only your telephone number was available to the PSAP. No address, name, etc.

7. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Universal Emergency Number Your telephone sends out an automatic identification number (AIN) signal (the telephone number and a digit representing the area code). Your telephone sends out an automatic identification number (AIN) signal (the telephone number and a digit representing the area code). Think about your own caller ID system. The number you see on the display is the AIN signal, IF you pick up, you hear the voice signal!

8. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice signal and the AIN pass through the local exchange carrier switch and are routed through the 911 tandem. When a 9-1-1 call is made, the voice signal and the AIN pass through the local exchange carrier switch and are routed through the 911 tandem. The tandem reads the AIN and forwards the call to the appropriate PSAP. The tandem reads the AIN and forwards the call to the appropriate PSAP. Universal Emergency Number

9. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Universal Emergency Number Enhanced 9-1-1 automatically queries a telephone company database that converts AIN information into the physical location of the telephone. Enhanced 9-1-1 automatically queries a telephone company database that converts AIN information into the physical location of the telephone. The information on the location is the automatic location information (ALI) The information on the location is the automatic location information (ALI)

10. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Universal Emergency Number Your telephone number and location are automatically displayed to the PSAP operator Screen capture provided by Crimestar, Inc Telephone Number Location

11. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster What about cellular 9-1-1 calls? ANI information is obtained in a similar manner…. ANI information is obtained in a similar manner…. But, cellular telephone do not have a fixed location…….in the past, cellular telephones determined the default PSAP by transferring your call to a regional agency, like the state police.

12. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Angle on Arrival (AOA). A cellular telephone location can be determined using Time Distance on Arrival and Angle on Arrival

13. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Angle on Arrival (AOA). The signal from at least two cell sites is used to calculate the position of the vehicle

14. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Angle on Arrival (AOA). Based on the position as calculated, the cellular system routes the call to the appropriate PSAP,

15. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Computer-Aided Dispatch CAD describes software applications and hardware that assist in the management of dispatching calls for service. It is a management tool that automates the many functions of a dispatch center. Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine

16. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Computer-Aided Dispatch Also provides access to other databases and acts as interface software in the two- way voice communications between dispatch and the field units. Also provides access to other databases and acts as interface software in the two- way voice communications between dispatch and the field units.

17. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Computer-Aided Dispatch CAD systems are used by many companies that dispatch vehicles – delivery, taxis, buses, etc. CAD systems are used by many companies that dispatch vehicles – delivery, taxis, buses, etc. Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine

18. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Computer-Aided Dispatch The most important part of CAD is the software and various other systems with which CAD can interface. The workstation is connected to the commercial telephone network It captures information about 9-1-1 calls and field-generated incidents – constructs a huge relational database Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine

19. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Computer-Aided Dispatch On the strategic side, a fully integrated CAD system can be sued to Assess deployment needs Assess deployment needs Provide information on problem locations Provide information on problem locations Provide the initial incident number that will be sued to reference all subsequent evidence, reports, and police activities Provide the initial incident number that will be sued to reference all subsequent evidence, reports, and police activities Photograph provided by Randall Larson, Editor, 9-1-1 Magazine

20. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Some PSAPs Handle emergency calls for police, fire, and emergency medical services Handle emergency calls for police, fire, and emergency medical services Handle the police, but transfer fire/medical calls Handle the police, but transfer fire/medical calls Have dispatchers handling business calls throughout the police station Have dispatchers handling business calls throughout the police station

21. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Obtain Info Location? Offense? Weapons? Descriptions? Caller Info? Update Info Keep Caller on Line CALL RECEIVED Emergency? Yes? E 9-1-1 provides ANI and converts the info into the call for service. Verify ANI info

22. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Obtain Info Location? Offense? Weapons? Descriptions? Caller Info? Update Info Keep Caller on Line CALL RECEIVED Emergency? Yes? No? Transfer? Provide infoYes? No? Information? Yes? No? Cold Crime? No? Other Action

23. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Obtain Info Location? Offense? Weapons? Descriptions? Caller Info? Update Info Keep Caller on Line CALL RECEIVED Emergency? Yes? No? Transfer? Provide infoYes? No? Information? Yes? No? Cold Crime? No? Other Action Yes? Obtain Info Offense? Location? When? Caller Info?Contact at?

24. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Nonemergency Points of Contact 3-1-1: Non-emergency telephone calls (some jurisdictions) 3-1-1: Non-emergency telephone calls (some jurisdictions) 4-1-1: Directory information 4-1-1: Directory information 6-1-1: Telephone repair 6-1-1: Telephone repair

25. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS allows dispatcher access to real-time Traffic information from: Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras Sensors under the street. Sensors under the street.

26. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Intelligent Transportation Systems Can give emergency responders information on: Nature of emergency Best Route to location

27. Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Police Technology Police Technology Explore Leadership at Leadership www.pokerleadership.com