1. How to write Publications / Proposals Markku Kulmala Preila 8.8. 2002 and Helsinki 27.11. 2003

2. How to write Scientific text ? Logical and in such way that other scientists are able to repeat your work Find out what is already known; find relevant litterature References Figures, figure captions, tables Language – simple and clear sentences

3. Why to write ? Publication / Proposal End Product of Scientific work To get other people interested in and to know your work To show your activity To obtain funding for you and/or your group to be able to start/continue interesting and important research

4. On Your topic New scientific results -> Publish it lab measurements, field campaigns, development of new devices and new methods, basic theories, modelling How much material in one paper? In principle all scientific work will result as publication: if not look your supervisor/advisor

5. Publication Chain Abstract Extended abstract Real paper in International Journal Nature/ Science paper Thesis (M.Sc. / Ph.D) Reports

6. Writing process Alone or in group Ask comments as soon and as often as possible from co-authors and other people Example (on co-operation): A makes outlines and main results and B writes details etc. Alone A could make 1-2 papers per year together A and B can make 4-5 papers per year Remember: as writer you would like other people to read it, take this into account when you write

7. On Publications Authorship –all authors must have scientific contribution –How many authors? Review process –if you get somewhat postive comments it means that you are able to publish the paper after some (even major) work; Typically possible to negotiate –Nature, Science and PRL: you need to convince editors that your topic is widely interested and significant Letters to editros / covering letters

8. Structure Publication / Proposal Abstract –summary including main results Introduction –why and short litterature review Materials and Methods –instruments, equations etc Results –your results Discussion –comparison with other results Conclusions –focus on new things and wide connections Summary Introduction / background Aims, objectives Methods Research Group –Best publications –Significant results Links to other research –lists Scientific education, reseach training –lists Schedule Budget

9. Submission Publications / Proposals To which Journal Look the format and other instructions carefully Citation index –more than 1 –Nature around 20 –JGR ~4 How much it costs ? Do you expect to have reasonable editors/revievers Private foundations National science foundation (like Finnish Academy) NMR, NoRFA EU, ESF Private Companies TEKES type (You need companies to find out national funding) Ministry of …

10. On proposals I Topic With whom do you apply Realistic objectives, budget and schedule Enough man power and instruments Money for travelling, instruments, grant/salary Important how do you write (not what do you exactly write)

11. On Proposals II You and all your group and co-operators should have –Publication list –CV –other lists like thesis supervised, patents, presentations given, research grants, honours etc. Look and read carefully the information given for certain proposal i.e. see WEB pages Remember Research CHAIN Not possible to negotiate

12. On proposals III Short ones –You make it alone, 2-3 pages + CV + publication list –Typically Private foundations for travelling Normal ones –Research Groups makes –forms + 10 pages + lists (CV + publications + education etc)

13. Long proposals EU ones –several groups around Europe –forms + 20-50 pages –Description of your institute/lab + short CVs Center of Excellenges –basic description around 10 +pages –lot of questions to answer –long lists of everything (name of professors, post docs, students, publications, presentations, EU- projects etc, doctors educated (their topic/supervisor), TV-programs etc, computer codes, instruments developed, etc –all together 150-200 pages