2.  THEORY STATING THAT THE EARTH IS AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE  OLD SCHOOL WAY OF THINKING

3.  THEORY STATING THAT THE SUN IS AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE AND ALL HEAVENLY BODIES REVOLVE AROUND IT  NEW SCHOOL WAY OF THINKING

4.  Italian dude. Showed that the surface of the moon was rough and uneven. Directly challenged the teachings of the RCC

5.  Polish guy. Posits the Heliocentric Theory. Shatters traditional beliefs and Church teachings

6.  New thinkers challenge accepted beliefs using reason, logic, and careful observation

8.  ALL INFO CAME FROM ANCIENT TEXTS OR THE TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH  RELIED ON SENSES TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE UNIVERSE  EXAMPLE:  God created the Earth  It is perfect  Located at center of universe and is immovable

9.  INFO COMES FROM CAREFUL OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENTATION  RELY ON SCIENTIFIC REASONING AND LOGIC TO DRAW CONCLUSIOND ABOUT THE UNIVERSE  EXAMPLE:  Observed with a telescope, it is noted that the surface of the moon is rough and imperfect  Directly contradicts Church doctrine

10.  1300-1600’s Europe was a place of great change  The Renaissance encouraged free thinking and challenges to accepted beliefs  The Reformation also brought forth new challenges to one of Europe’s greatest institutions, The Roman Catholic Church!

11.  THE RENAISSANCE  THE REFORMATION  THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

12.  Increased Learning  The Universe  Medicine/ Human Body  Scientific Instruments  Questioning Spirit Continues  Conflict Between Church and Science Grows

13.  New Ways of Thinking and Information Gathering Arise  Ideas Carry through To Societal Issues = Enlightenment