1. Flow Diagram of the Gap Nickel Mine Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Fines to
Jigging
Mining & Hoisting
Hand Crushing & Sorting
Waste
Roasting in Vertical Kilns
SO2 Gas
SO2 Gas
Smelting in Blast Furnaces
Concentrate
Slag
Matte
Crushing & Packaging
Shipping to Camden Refinery

2. Gap Nickel Mine Mining, Milling, & Smelting Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and American Nickel Works Refining & Rolling Camden, New Jersey

3. To Sustain Profitable Operations
Don’t run out of ore
Sell products under a sole-source government contract
Keep metal prices high
Keep wages and energy costs low
Avoid pollution controls
Block foreign and domestic competition

4. Nickel Prices:

5. Flow Diagram of the American Nickel Works Camden, New Jersey
SO2 Gas
Oxidative Smelting/Casting/Crushing
(three cycles)
Matte from
Pennsylvania
Slag
Matte (low iron)
SO2 Gas
Oxidative Roasting/Fine Crushing
(three cycles)
Cu, Ni, & Co Oxides (low iron)
H2SO4
CuSO4
Sulfuric Acid Leach
Iron Waste
Ca(OH)2
Ni & Co in solution
CaOCl2
Co Oxide
Ni/Co Separation
Ca(OH)2
NiO
Charcoal
Nickel Oxide Refining & Reduction
Ni Metal

6. Gap Nickel Mine – Smelter Data
Ore
Matte
Slag
tonnes/month
600
100
640
%Cu
0.90
5.0
0.078
%Ni
1.80
10.0
0.112
%Co
0.09
0.4
0.024 %S
15.0
28.0
0.181
%Fe
24.0
50.0
13.9
%SiO2
31.0
45.1
%Al2O3
7.0
6.5
%CaO
8.0
13.8
%MgO
12.0
12.4