1. LIBERATION, SEPARATION, EXTRACTION
STAGE 1 - Blasting
STAGE 2 - Primary Crushing
STAGE 3 - Secondary Crushing
STAGE 4 - Grinding
STAGE 5 - Separation by size
STAGE 6 - Separation by values
STAGE 7 - Extraction of values

2. What is an Ore? Mineralized rock that can be mined/processed
At a time (temporal)
At a place (spatial)
At a profit (economic)
Waste rock can become an ore
Tailings can become an ore

3. Drilling and Blasting Create a top size suitable for transportation
Begin the process of Liberation
Factors
Drill hole diameter
Drill hole spacing and pattern
Explosive type
Delay system

4. Drilling and Blasting

5. Influence of Blasting Practices
S. Morrell and W. Valery, “Influence of Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance”. SAG 2001, Vancouver, Canada, pp Morrell, S., “The Influence of Feed Size on Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the Role of Blasting in its Manipulation”, Proc. 22nd International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.: L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p

6. Influence of Blasting Practices
S. Morrell and W. Valery, “Influence of Feed Size on AG/SAG Mill Performance”. SAG 2001, Vancouver, Canada, pp Morrell, S., “The Influence of Feed Size on Autogenous and Semiautogenous Grinding and the Role of Blasting in its Manipulation”, Proc. 22nd International Mineral Processing Congress, Eds.: L.Lorenzen and D.J. Bradshaw, p

7. Order of Processing Blasting Primary Crushing Secondary Crushing
Grinding
Regrinding

8. Crushing Machines

9. Crushing Machines

10. HPGR – high-pressure grinding rolls

11. High-Pressure Grinding Rolls

12. Jaw Crusher

13. Gyratory Crusher

14. Symons Cone Crusher

15. Cone Crusher Liners

16. Vibrating Screen

17. Secondary Crushing Plant

18. Alternate Secondary Crushing Plant Design

19. Open Circuit Crushing

20. Grinding Mills

21. Grinding Mills
Rod Mill – opened up for maintenance Ball Mill – overflow type

22. Conical Ball-Mill

23. Grinding Mills
Bingham Canyon Grinding Mills

24. Tube Mill

25. Rod-Mill Central Peripheral Discharge

26. Rod-Mill End Peripheral Discharge

27. Rod-Mill Overflow Discharge

28. Grinding and Cyanide Leaching
Musslewhite Mine, Ontario

29. Cyclo-Paks

30. Spiral and Rake Classifiers

31. Rake Classifier

32. Rake Classifier

33. Spiral Classifiers

34. Cyclone and Particle Recovery

35. Size Distribution of Soils

36. Size Distribution Curves

37. Bimodal Size Distribution

39. Hydrocyclone

40. Separator Partition Curves

41. Stoke’s Law

42. ABC Grinding Circuit

43. Bond Work Index Formula

44. Size Ranges in Separators

45. Electronic Sorting

46. Electrostatic Separation

47. Cross-Belt Magnetic Separator

48. Drum Magnetic Separator

49. 2-stage Drum Magnetic Separator

50. Pinched Sluice

51. Riffles in a Sluice

52. Humphrey Spiral – iron ore

53. Particle Distribution in Spiral Trough

54. Reichert Cone separator

55. Fluid (pulp) Flow in a Cone Separator

56. Shaking Table

57. Statification on a Shaking Table

58. Gold on a Shaking Table

59. Jigging - stratification

60. Centrifugal Concentrator – the Falcon

61. Flotation Cell

62. Flotation Cell Agitator Design

63. Flotation Cell - Rotors

64. Separation Circuit

65. Copper Flotation Circuit

66. Downstream Processing
Copper
Oxide copper treatment

67. Heap Leach Operation
Installing a Plastic Membrane Liner

68. Zaldivar Copper Heap Leach

69. Copper – Downstream Processing
Kidd-Creek Smelter flowsheet

70. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Simplest Copper Flotation Circuit

71. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Copper/Gold Flotation Circuit

72. Copper/Moly Ores – Concentrating
Copper/Moly Flotation Circuit

73. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Multiple Sulfide Differential Flotation Circuit

74. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Mixed Oxide/Sulfide Copper Flotation Circuit

75. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Copper Oxide Processing to final metal

76. Copper Ores – Concentrating
Copper Oxide Processing - LPF

77. Copper Ores – Concentrating
T.O.R.C.O. Processing of Copper Ores

78. Copper Anode Casting Wheel

79. Thickener - tailings

80. Thickeners - zones

81. Thickener – Area Calculation
where
A = thickener area (m2)
W = dry solids mass flow (tph)
F = liquid:solid ratio of feed
D = liquid:solid ratio of discharge
R = settling rate (m/hr)
S = liquid S.G. (kg/L)

82. Marine Tailing Disposal

83. Drum Filters

84. Disk Filter

85. Pressure Filter - Larox

86. Rotary Dryers

87. Rotary Kiln

88. Mill Control Room
Carlin Mine, Nevada

89. Questions?

90. Dissolution of Gold in Cyanide Elsner's Equation

91. Precipitation of Au from Solution

92. Downstream Processing
Gold processing options

93. Downstream Processing
Nickel
Typical Mine/Mill Treatment

94. Downstream Processing
Nickel
Matte Separation processing

95. Downstream Processing
Uranium Ore processing

96. Downstream Processing
Coal processing

97. Downstream Processing
Coal processing

98. Downstream Processing
Coal processing

99. Downstream Processing
Coal processing

100. Downstream Processing
Coal processing