1. Geophysical observations of the 100 km region around KamLAND Tohru Watanabe Dept. of Earth Sciences University of Toyama (Japan)

2. Today’s Talk 1.Geophysical observations around KamLAND 2.Laboratory data on seismic velocities in rocks around KamLAND

3. Toyama KamLAND Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone (High strain-rate zone) Atotsugawa Fault 1858 Hiestu Earthquake (M7) Geophysical Observations Seismological Obs. MT surveys Gravity Obs. 1. Geophysical Observations Iio et al. (2002) EPSL

4. Depth Contours of Pacific and Philippine Sea Plates Nakajima et al. (2010) KamLAND NKTZ

5. Seismological Studies on Crustal Structure Nakajima et al. (2010) NKTZ Iidaka et al. (2003) Kato et al. (2006, 2007) Nakajima et al. (2010)

6. Iidaka et al. (2003) Seismic refraction survey 6 explosive sources 391 seismic stations L~250 km

7. P-wave velocity structure (Iidaka et al., 2003) NS Toyama Plain (sediments) KamLAND

8. Kato et al. (2006, 2007) 2006 2007 Travel-time Tomography Explosive sources + Local Earthquakes Nakajima et al. (2010)

9. P-wave velocity structure (Kato et al.,2007) Toyama Plain (sediments)

10. Nakajima et al. (2010) Travel-time Tomography

11. P-wave velocity perturbations D=0 kmD=5 kmD=10 km D=15 kmD=25 kmD=40 km Nakajima et al. (2010)

12. Structure along Atotsugawa Fault HakusanTateyama Nakajima et al. (2010)

13. Velocity Perturbations across Atotsugawa Fault S N Nakajima et al. (2010)

14. Summary of Seismological Observations Seismological observations have revealed (1) A complicated configuration of subducted plates (2) Low velocity regions associated with active volcanoes (3) Surface low velocity regions caused by thick sediments

15. 2. Laboratory Data on Seismic Velocity Upper, Middle Crust (D<10 km) Kagami and Watanabe (2009) Surface rocks Lower Crust (D>20 km) Nishimoto et al. (2008) Xenoliths (Rocks collected by magma during its ascent)

16. Surface geology around KamLAND after Yamada et al. (1989) 11 rock samples

17. P-wave Velocity vs Confining Pressure D~7kmD~2km Granodiorite (TKA-b1)

18. Density vs Vp (180MPa) Hida granites Hida metamorphic rocks

19. Vs vs Vp (180 MPa) Hida granites Hida metamorphic rocks

20. Comparison with Observed Velocity Hida metamorphic rocks (+Hida granites) Kato et al. (2007) KamLAND

21. Ichino-megata KamLAND Ichino-megata mafic-ultramafic xenoliths Lower Crust Xenoliths Iio et al. (2002) EPSL Nishimoto et al. (2008) (1) Hornblende gabbro (2) Hornblende-pyroxene gabbro (3) Amphibolite (4) Pyroxene amphibolite (5) Hornblendite

22. Measured Velocity at High T and High P Nishimoto et al. (2008) D~25 km

23. Inference of Lower Crustal Material Nakajima et al. (2010) D=25 km Rock + aqueous fluids D=25 km

24. Pyroxene amphibolite Hornblende-pyroxene gabbro Nakajima et al. (2010)

25. Summary of Laboratory Data Upper and middle crust Hida metamorphic rocks Hida granites Lower crust Pyroxene amphibolite Hornblende-pyroxene gabbro