1. America Becomes a World Power 1890-1914

2. PLEASE READ!!!!!
In order to speed up your Cornell Note taking:
Read all the words on the slide.
Write only what your teacher has highlighted in RED.
You can draw pictures in the left hand column if it helps you

3. America Becomes a World Power
America’s Foreign Policy, Isolationist or Expansionist?
foreign policy = the way a country deals with other countries
America’s Foreign Policy before 1890
America’s Foreign Policy After 1890
Isolationism
The policy that the United States should stay out of other countries problems or issues.
It is wrong to invade and control other countries
Imperialism
The policy of the United States
gaining control over other lands
and using them to gain an empire
American borders already
stretched from Atlantic to Pacific.
America bought Alaska from
Russia.
It was time to look overseas.

4. America Becomes a World Power
3 Causes of American Expansion
1. Economic Desire for new markets and raw materials
2. Military Desire for naval bases and coaling stations
United States Expansion
3. Ideological Desire to bring Christianity, western style culture, and democracy to other people

5. America Becomes a World Power
Causes of Expansion: Economic and Military
Expand business interests
US economy boomed with products to trade and needed resources
Companies built overseas factories.
Need new markets to prevent financial panics.
Military interests
International competition for colonies would leave America behind.
American Security funding approved for 3 battleships (US becomes 2 ocean navy).
International navy needs coaling ports.

6. America Becomes a World Power
Causes of Expansion -- Ideological
Social Darwinism
US must expand to survive. Whites are superior race. Must spread superiority
Spread Christianity
All nations should be Christian. Bring values to “backward” people
American Frontier Closed
US pioneer spirit looks towards foreign interests. Expand or explode

7. Cartoon-European grab bag
America Becomes a World Power
International competition for colonies would leave America behind.
Cartoon-European grab bag

8. Cartoon-European grab bag
America Becomes a World Power
Colonial Claims in 1900
Cartoon-European grab bag

9. America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Opening Trade with Japan
Japan was isolated and unindustrialized until the mid-1800s.
American naval officer Matthew Perry brought 4 ships to Japan in 1853 to pressure Japan to open its ports to trade.
Japan quickly became an industrial and military power to compete with the West.

10. America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Taking Control of Hawaii
The port of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was ideally located for coaling stations and bases for ships trading between the U.S. and Asia.
Many American planters bought land to plant sugar cane.
Americans wanted control of Hawaiian government.
Queen Liliuokalani resented American involvement.
Planters and U.S. Marines, overthrew the Queen.
America annexed Hawaii in 1898.

11. America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Relations with China
Open Door Policy
China was weak and had very little industry.
European countries divided China into areas in order to control trade.
U.S. and Great Britain asked Chinese leaders to make an Open Door Policy for trade.
Boxer Rebellion
A group of Chinese trained in martial arts called the Boxers didn’t want foreigners involved in China so they murdered foreigners and Christians.
Rebellion was stopped by American forces.
Results
Gave all nations equal trading access in China. Guaranteed that China would not be taken over by a foreign power.

12. America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – The Great White Fleet
U.S. needed to protect American merchant ships traveling the world
President Teddy Roosevelt sent 16 battleships—The Great White Fleet—on a world tour.
People around the world could see the power of the U.S. Navy

13. America Becomes a World Power
The Cuban Revolt: America to the Rescue?
Cuba vs. Spain
Spanish oppressed the Cubans. Cubans rebel.
Spain sends General “Butcher” Weyler to crush the rebellion.
Cuban rebels placed in concentration camps. (many died due to poor sanitation).
America Backs Cuba
Cuba was the underdog.
American businesses traded $100 million/year.
Spain was a dying empire in America’s area of control. Whoever controls Cuba controls a future Panama Canal.
Yellow Journalism
Hearst vs. Pulitzer. Each reported on the atrocities in Cuba.
Sensationalized news = more readers.
Hearst printed De Lome Letter (Spanish letter calling President McKinley weak and a puppet).

14. America Becomes a World Power
The U.S.S. Maine Explosion and War
The USS Main
US battleship sent to Cuba to protect and evacuate Americans if rebellion intensified.
the Maine exploded in Havana harbor (260 sailors killed). “Remember the Maine, to Hell with Spain.”
Results
Spanish investigation: Explosion was accidental and internal (not confirmed until 1976 US Navy investigation).
American investigation: Explosion caused by Spanish mine. The American public is ready for war!
McKinley and War
President McKinley was conflicted. He didn’t want a war, yet he didn’t want Spain to control Cuba.
McKinley responds to American public and businesses pressure for war. The US declares war on Spain.

15. America Becomes a World Power
The Spanish-American War
The Philippines
Admiral Dewey told to attack the Spanish fleet in the event of war.
Dewey’s surprise attack defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay.
American troops with Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo capture Manila
Cuba
Decisive battle at Santiago. Rough Riders (supported by 2 black regiments) fight at San Juan and Kettle Hills.
Trapped by US naval blockade and US Army, Spain surrendered.
Results
Few casualties (400 to bullets; 5,000 to malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery).
War only lasted 113 days.
America gained respect and prestige.
Closed the North-South divide (from Civil War).
US gained an empire that they couldn’t defend.

16. America Becomes a World Power
End of the War – The Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris officially ended the Spanish-American War.
The once-proud Spanish empire was virtually dissolved as the United States took over much of Spain's overseas holdings.
Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to the United States.
The Philippines were bought for $20 million (10 times more U.S. troops died suppressing the Philippines than in defeating Spain).
Cuba became a U.S. protectorate.

17. America Becomes a World Power
America and the Philippines: $20 Million for a Rebellion?
What to do with the Philippines
3 options.
Give the islands back to Spain.
Leave the islands and not give them any help.
US annexation.
Bitterness and Rebellion
Filipinos wanted independence.
Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion against the US.
US responded by sending 126,000 troops.
Both sides commit atrocities such as water boarding and concentration camps.
Results
Fighting lasts until 1902.
4,234 Americans killed. 600,000 Filipinos killed.
Philippines not granted independence until July 4, 1946. 17

18. America Becomes a World Power
The United States, a World Power
imperialism = the policy of one nation gaining control over other lands and using them to gain an empire
Imperialists
Some Americans and politicians wanted United States to continue empire building like other European countries of the time period.
Anti-Imperialists
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution state it is the right of the people to choose their form of government.
Imperialism was against America’s anti-colonial policy.
Imperialism would be too costly.
Annexation would pull the US politically and militarily into Asia (okay to be pulled economically).

19. America Becomes a World Power
Panama Canal
Background
US needs a two ocean navy to protect interests.
Spanish-American war demonstrated the lack of mobility.
Rights to the Canal
US authorized to construct and manage a Central American canal.
The canal was to be open to all nations and rates to be fair and equal.
Congress chose the Panama route.
Revolution
Panama was part of Colombia.
Colombia rejected $10 million and $250,000/year to build the canal.
US navy supported Panamanian revolt.
US recognized independent Panama 3 days after revolt.
Construction-( )
Cost $400 million.
Problems with labor, landslides, and disease.

20. America Becomes a World Power
Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy: Carry a Big Stick
Roosevelt Corollary-1904
Preventative intervention “Speak Loudly and Carry a Big Stick”.
U.S. would intervene in Latin America to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere.
Corollary Results
Used to justify all interventions for the next 30 years.
U.S. Marines will be sent multiple times to Latin American countries.
Latin American countries views this as American oppression. 20

21. Write your summary.
1. Review your notes from the beginning to the end.
2. Use your own words to explain the main ideas and the details that support the main ideas.