1. Struggles in the Middle States The American Revolution
The American Nation
Chapter 6- Section 3
Struggles in the Middle States
The American Revolution
1775–1783
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

2. Struggles in the Middle States
Chapter 6, Section 3
Objectives to learn:
How did the Continental Army gain control of Boston?
What battles were fought in New York and New Jersey?
How did the Battle of Saratoga mark a turning point in the war?
What hardships did the Continental Army suffer at Valley Forge?

3. American Revolution Battle Presentations
Bunker Hill (June 1775)
Battle of Fort Ticonderoga/ Invasion of Canada (May 1775)

4. Battle for Canada (September-December 1775) – NOT IN YOUR BOOK!!!
Why? – Americans want to make Canada the 14th colony
Americans commanded by Colonel Benedict Arnold and Brigadier General Richard Montgomery
November 13, Montgomery captured Montreal from Arnold
December 31, Montgomery attacked Quebec in the middle of a snowstorm.
Montgomery was killed and Arnold was wounded.
May Americans were forced to retreat back to Fort Ticonderoga.

5. Montgomery capturing Montreal

6. Benedict Arnold and his voyage to Quebec

7. Death of Montgomery, Arnold’s retreat,

8. History Channel – The American Revolution
DVD
Guns of Ticonderoga
March to Quebec
Key to Canada

9. The Battle of Bunker Hill

10. Map 1 – Boston Today

11. Map 2 – Boston in 1775

12. Drawing 1: Charlestown Peninsula, June 17, 1775.

13. Painting 1: Battle of Bunker Hill by Howard Pyle, 1898.

14. Photo 1: A miniature showing the redoubt atop Breed's Hill and the colonists waiting for the advancing British troops, June 17, 1775.

15. The Battle of Bunker Hill
Chapter 6, Section 1
British troops controlled Boston. Colonial militia surrounded the city.
Across the river from Boston, minutemen fired on British ships from Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill under the command of Colonel William Prescott.
British troops under the command of General William Howe drew near to attack the colonists.
Hero – General Israel Putnam – “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”
2 times the colonists turned back British attacks.
With the third attack the British took Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill, but they suffered heavy losses.
The Battle of Bunker Hill showed:
1. Americans could fight bravely.
2. The British would not be easy to defeat.

16. The Battle of Bunker Hill Death of Dr. Joseph Warren
History Channel – American Revolution – DVD 1 – Conflict Ignites - Bunker Hill (40:48)

17. How the Continental Army Gained Control of Boston???
Chapter 6, Section 1
July 17, Washington reached Boston and found 16,000 American untrained troops waiting.
Washington began to train an army.
January The cannon that the Green Mountain Boys captured arrived in Boston and Washington placed them on Dorchester Heights, overlooking British ships in the harbor.
March British General William Howe spotted the cannon and left Boston for Canada.
King George III ordered the blockade of colonial ports (Shutting of a port to keep people of supplies from moving in or out.)
King George III hired mercenaries – Troops for hire
British General William Howe

18. American Revolution Battle Presentations
Long Island – August 1776
Trenton/Princeton – December 25-26, 1776 and January 2-3, 1777)

19. Battles in New York and New Jersey
Chapter 6, Section 3
Battle
Battle of Long Island
What Happened
Americans were outnumbered and defeated. (August 1776)
Results
The British chased the Americans into Pennsylvania.
Battle of Trenton (Dec , 1776)
On Christmas night, Washington led a surprise attack on Trenton that was held by Hessians.
The Americans took a force of German soldiers (Hessians) prisoner.
Battle of Princeton (Jan. 2-3, 1777)
British General Charles Cornwallis set out to retake Trenton. Washington fooled him and slipped behind his troops to attack other British forces at Princeton.
The victories at Trenton and Princeton gave Americans new hope.
Nathan Hale – a Connecticut officer who was caught and hung for spying behind British lines at the Battle of Long Island.

20. The Story of Nathan Hale

21. Battle of Long Island

22. British troops attacking Long Island

23. Battle of Long Island

24. Retreat of the Americans at Long Island

25. British troops landing in New York

26. Battle of Trenton

27. Washington Crossing the Delaware

28. Washington Leading the attack at Trenton

29. Streets of Trenton during the Battle

30. Surrender at Trenton to Washington

31. Map of the Battle of Princeton

32. British attacking at Princeton

33. Americans at Princeton

34. History Channel – The American Revolution
Answer questions while watching acounts of the following battles:
New York – DVD 1 – 1776
Trenton and Princeton – DVD 2 – Washington & Arnold

35. American Revolution Battle Presentations
Brandywine/Germantown – Fall 1777
Saratoga (Fall 1777)

36. Map of the Battle of Brandywine

37. British attacking at Brandywine

38. Battle of Germantown

39. British at Chew House at the Battle of Germantown

40. II. Saratoga—A Turning Point
Chapter 6, Section 3
General John Burgoyne planned to defeat the Americans.
Three British armies would march on Albany from different directions and crush American forces.
General Howe was supposed to capture Philadelphia first, then march on Albany. Howe retired to Philadelphia instead.
George Washington and Continental Army retreated to Valley Forge.
Two British armies under the command of Burgoyne and Barry St. Leger marched toward Albany. Americans drove Barry St. Leger’s army back at Fort Stanwix (Fort was under the command of Benedict Arnold).
Burgoyne’s army was the only one left to march on Albany.
1. Burgoyne recaptured Fort Ticonderoga
2. At the Battle of Bennington, the Patriots wounded/captured nearly 1,000 British
In the Battle of Saratoga, north of Albany, Americans defeated the British. Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire army.
1. Patriot forces were commanded by General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold led the forces.
H. The victory boosted American spirits and led France to become one of America’s allies—nations that work together to achieve a common goal.

41. Maps of the Battle of Saratoga

42. Americans - General Horatio Gates and General Benedict Arnold

43. British - General John Burgoyne and Barry St. Leger

44. Benedict Arnold being wounded at the Battle of Saratoga

45. Burgoyne surrendering at Saratoga

46. II. Saratoga—A Turning Point
Chapter 6, Section 3
France and Britain in conflict for many years
1775 – Second Continental Congress created a Continental Navy to support the army
Conflict between France and Britain increases after the French and Indian War
Americans appeal to France for support during the Revolutionary War
France gives American rebels money and supplies but stays neutral
Americans defeat British at Saratoga
Victory at Saratoga proves to France that Americans can win
France gives military and naval support to American forces

47. Homework: Revolutionary Soldiers
Honors
Read “Revolutionary Soldiers” and complete the multiple-choice questions that go with it.
Read and answer the questions about “Battle of Trenton”
Discussion in class
Read “Saratoga: Little People Mess Up Grand Plans.
Write on a separate sheet of paper with your name on it and one sentence summary of what you read.
This will be collected.
Onlevel
Read “Revolutionary Soldiers” and complete the multiple-choice questions that go with it.
Discussion in class
Read “Saratoga: Little People Mess Up Grand Plans.
Write on a separate sheet of paper with your name on it and one sentence summary of what you read.
This will be collected.

48. History Channel – American Revolution
Answer questions about the following accounts of battles:
DVD 2 – Washington & Arnold
Philadelphia – Brandywine/Germantown
Valcour Bay - Bennington
Saratoga

49. Valley Forge Read “Soldiers Life” and “Washington at Valley Forge”
Summarize what life was like at Valley Forge
Read “European and the American Army” and complete “Allies” worksheet
Class discussion

50. Hardships at Valley Forge
Chapter 6, Section 3
Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh:
1. Mid-winter snow, mud, and slush
2. Damp, drafty huts; frozen ground
3. Soldiers poorly clothed; some did not have shoes or coats.
4. Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease
5. Poor food
6. Transportation for supplies was difficult
Birth of a new army
1. Nathaniel Greene became quartermaster

51. Valley Forge

52. Valley Forge

53. Foreign Allies of the Patriots
Marquis de Lafayette – a French noble who brought trained soldiers to help the Patriots; became one of Washington’s most trusted allies
Friedrick von Steuben – a Prussian who helped train Washington’s troops
Thaddeus Kosciusko – a Polish officer who helped build forts and other defenses; placed cannons on the cliffs overlooking Saratoga that had a major influence in American victory
Casimir Pulaski – a Polish officer who helped train cavalry – troops on horseback.
Ally nations during the war: Netherlands, Spain, and France
History Channel – American Revolution – France – DVD 2

54. The War in the Middle States
Chapter 6, Section 3

55. War in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

56. Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 6, Section 3
One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was that
a) Washington had fewer troops than the British.
b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting.
c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets.
d) the war moved away from New England.
The American victory at Saratoga was important because it
a) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia.
b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale.
c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England.
d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

57. Section 3 Assessment
Chapter 6, Section 3
One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was that
a) Washington had fewer troops than the British.
b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting.
c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets.
d) the war moved away from New England.
The American victory at Saratoga was important because it
a) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia.
b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale.
c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England.
d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.

58. Homework Chapter 6 – Section 3 Study Guide Read and complete
This will be collected.