1. Reactions of the citric acid cycle

2. Formation of citrate

3. Structure of citrate synthase open form of the enzyme alone

4. Structure of citrate synthase closed form with bound oxaloacetate (yellow), carboxymethyl-CoA (red)

5. Citrate Synthase Mechanism I.

6. Citrate Synthase Mechanism II.

7. Citrate Synthase Mechanism III.

8. Formation of isocitrate via cis-aconitate

9. Irone-sulfur center in aconitase

10. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism

11. Step 1

12. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism Step 2

13. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mechanism Step 3

14. Oxidation of  -Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA and CO 2

15. Conversion of Succinyl-CoA to Succinate

16. The succinyl-CoA synthetase reaction

17. Step 1

18. Step 2 Step 3

19. Three-dimensional structures of Succinyl-CoA synthetase of E. coli

20. Oxidation of Succinate to Fumarate

22. Hydration of Fumarate to Malate

24. Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate

25. Incorporation of the isotopic carbon ( 14 C) of the labeled acetyl group into  -ketoglutarate by the citric acid cycle

26. The prochiral nature of citrate

27. Structure of citrate

28. Schematic representation of citrate X = -OH Y = -COO - Z = -CH 2 COO -

29. Correct complementary fit of citrate to the binding site of aconitase

30. Products of one turn of citric acid cycle

32. Biosynthetic precursors produced by an incomplete citric acid cycle in anaerobic bacteria

33. Role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism

35. Role of biotin in the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase

36. Step 1

37. Step 2

38. Step 3

39. Step 4

40. Step 5

41. Step 6

42. Step 7

43. Biological tethers

44. Regulation of metabolite flow from the PDC through the citric acid cycle

45. Dilution of a solution containing a noncovalent protein complex - such as one consisting of three enzymes - favors dissociation of the complex into its constituents

46. Glyoxylate cycle

47. Electron micrograph of a germinating cucumber seed, showing a glycosome, mitochondria, and surrounding lipid bodies

48. Relationship between the glyoxylate and citric acid cycles

49. Coordinated regulation of glyoxylate and citric acid cycles