1. MALE’ DECLARATION ON CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION AND ITS LIKELY TRANSBOUNDARY EFFECTS FOR SOUTH ASIA COUNTRY PAPER-IRAN NIA presentations By Tooraj Hemati Masood zandi Paper presented at Male’ declaration Stakeholder Meeting And Regional Coordination Meeting 2-3 October 2007, Maldives 10 November 20151

2. PROGRESS A) Meetings of the national advisory committee 1.A National Advisory Committee (AC) was established in Iran during the Phase II implementation.The AC consists of representatives from the NIAs,NGOs,educational and research bodies and industries. 2.Course of training materials on monitoring transbounary air pollutants for experts,12- 17sep.2004 3.Annual meeting of male declaration in 11,12 oct.2004 10 November 20152

3. B) Setting up of Laboratory and Monitoring Station (Supply and Installation of Equipments according to the monitoring protocol under Male Declaration) C) Monitoring and Reporting D) Develop and Update of Monitoring Station Data base Development E) providing master plan of Male monitoring site for study of survey on all factors affecting on monitoring site of dehloran transboundary air pollution. The Parallel Studies that are implemented in this project include 3 proposes  Land use study, climatology study and sources study  F) Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Will be sigh as soon as! 10 November 20153

4. 4 G) The Purpose of Phase III in Iran is to continue to promote the establishment of a scientific base for Prevention and Control of transboundary air Pollution as part of Regional initiative in South Asia. H) For analyzing and monitoring transboundary effects of pollutants and reducing these impacts this phase is defined and the action plan is under processing of getting Executable.

5. Monitoring activities 10 November 20155

6. National response to air pollution and Monitoring activities National response to air pollution and Monitoring activities LEGAL LEGAL Act comprising 36 articles and 14 notes was approved in the course of an open session of the ICA in April 1995 and Was ratified by the Guardians Council on May 1995. Chapter1:Definition of pollution and pollutant Classifications Chapter2:Related to motor vehicles Chapter3:Related to factories, workshops and power Stations Chapter4:Relatedcommercial, household and Miscellaneous CONTROL OPTIONS APPLIED Industries Removal of asbestos from industries, industrial cities Construction, industries transfer to out of large cities, to Change the fuel of workshops into gas, Establishment And enforcement of industries standards, Improvement And development of ISO 14000 standards Transport Establishment and enforcement of standards, To change The fuel of vehicles into gas, Technical examination of Vehicles, Improvement of Transport system by Enforcement traffic rules, establishment traffic plan in Large cities centers limit GENERAL Environment management, traffic and urban Management, planning and training, comprehensive plan Of air pollution reduction, use of green technology, use Of sustainable energy system. 10 November 20156

7. Details of the monitoring activities Details of the monitoring activities  Department of the Environment is the main responsible organization for Pollution Monitoring and Control, DOE also acts as the lead national executing agency of the male declaration.  Air quality parameters have been monitored in different station in capital city of Tehran and seven pollutant city (daily/monthly/seasonally)  Air Pollution Monitoring Data availability and management system 10 November 20157

8. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… National Laboratories Capacity  Central Laboratory of DOE in Tehran has variety of advanced analytical instruments (GC/FID, GC/ECD, GC/ECD, GC/MS, HPLC, flame and flameless AA, ICP, Spectrophotometers, etc…) and is capable for measurement of various types of pollutants.  Inter-comparison exercises in regional level and analysis of.pollutants  Provincial directorate general Laboratories have enough equipments to conduct simple monitoring programs and for complicated measurements samples are sent to DOE central laboratory. 10 November 20158

9. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… National Laboratories Capacity, Cont…  Air quality control company has the analytical facilities and is responsible for analysis of air pollutant of capital Tehran.  Research Institute of Petroleum Industry is another institution with well equipped laboratories. They are capable to analyze different pollutants especially Hydrocarbons and its derivatives.  They performed many studies on air pollutant. 10 November 20159

10. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… National Laboratories Capacity, Cont…  Foods and Drugs Laboratory (Ministry of Health) is another lab. with sufficient equipment for analysis of contaminants.  Most of the aforementioned laboratories have professional human resources adequately for the purpose of contaminant measurements, however, QA/QC procedures should be improved. 10 November 201510

11. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… Monitoring Site Information in Ilam Th e location is proximate to the international border with IRAQ (approx.5.5 Km.), having necessary infrastructure such as power supply, security & shelter to equipment, on-site laboratory, etc to support its operation. This site is located in the chamsary region in dehloran township Name: chamsari Area: one hectare Location: 40 kilometer at the Dehloran / 5.5 km near to common Border of iran-iraq Geographical situation 32ْْ 23' of north latitude and 47ْ 30' of east longitude Altitude 197 m upper than sea level َ Details of the monitoring activities Cont… Monitoring Site Information in Ilam Th e location is proximate to the international border with IRAQ (approx.5.5 Km.), having necessary infrastructure such as power supply, security & shelter to equipment, on-site laboratory, etc to support its operation. This site is located in the chamsary region in dehloran township Name: chamsari Area: one hectare Location: 40 kilometer at the Dehloran / 5.5 km near to common Border of iran-iraq Geographical situation 32ْْ 23' of north latitude and 47ْ 30' of east longitude Altitude 197 m upper than sea level َ The location of this site approved by advisory committee as a first station of male project in Iran. Use of fuel for domestic use by the people of adjoining village areas and activity of agriculture are the sources of air pollution close to the said station. 10 November 201511

12. Setting up of Laboratory and Monitoring Station 1-The setting of the laboratory and place of site to supply it with supplying the essential instruments. 2-to supply the water which is used to project with setting of air pump on drill. 3-to supply the electricity which is used to project. 4- the making space for laboratory(60m2). 5-The setting of instruments and tools in the inside space of the site laboratory. 6-The setting of high volume sampler in the top of site building 7-setting of the related instruments to the Bulk collector in the next of the High volume sampler 8- setting place of the passive sampler parameters in these aspects which are following:  the north part of the site about 200 meters near of the air-pump  the south part of the site ( about 100 meters) next To establish of the wet only collector All equipment were installed according to the monitoring protocol under Male Declaration 10 November 201512

13. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… Sources of Air pollution (in Male monitoring site)  No large or medium industry located in site  Small scale manufacturing of agricultural implements  Asphalt and sand manufacturing  Plying of vehicles 10 November 201513

14. Details of the monitoring activities Cont… Outline of Monitoring Plan Current Monitoring siteParameters Measured Wet Deposition pH, EC, NH4+, Na K+,TH,PO4,HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Alkalinity, Acidity Dry Deposition SO2, NO2, PM10, TSP Details of the monitoring activities Cont… Outline of Monitoring Plan Current Monitoring siteParameters Measured Wet Deposition pH, EC, NH4+, Na K+,TH,PO4,HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Alkalinity, Acidity Dry Deposition SO2, NO2, PM10, TSP 10 November 201514

15. Details of the monitoring activities Cont…  Passive Sampling Started on may, 2004  High volume sampling started in July 2004  Wet Deposition Monitoring Started in November, 2005(RAIN WATER ANALYSIS) We are now paying much attention to the use of instrumental chemistry for the rain water analysis 10 November 201515

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24. Monthly Temperature Average Dehloran Station AprMayJunJul Au g SepOctNovDecJanFebMar Averag e 31.021.413.09.113.316.825.9 200522.630.035.838.939.135.730.721.219.012.413.018.426.4 200422.228.235.638.738.636.232.424.413.212.111.217.025.8 200323.329.435.638.439.335.331.922.715.613.713.918.926.5 200220.628.034.737.738.335.332.623.215.912.714.317.625.9 200124.129.735.637.740.335.430.822.516.213.012.918.326.4 200024.730.835.239.640.234.928.621.414.813.112.317.526.1 199920.630.437.338.539.737.031.522.715.412.412.115.626.1 199822.228.635.838.840.836.831.424.119.815.814.716.327.1 199720.029.035.737.537.334.730.921.615.510.013.615.225.1 199620.429.235.338.840.136.529.422.218.015.512.215.026.0 199520.926.735.336.938.534.130.021.913.913.314.515.725.1 199423.529.036.436.737.335.329.322.012.812.713.616.925.4 199320.725.334.237.138.935.729.721.416.315.512.916.025.3 Long Term Average 21.928.735.538.039.135.630.722.515.613.313.216.7

25. Monthly Maximum Temperature Average Dehloran Station Apr Ma y JunJul Au g SepOct No v DecJanFebMarAverage 2006 29. 0 36. 7 44. 6 46. 4 47. 3 44. 0 37. 2 25. 9 17. 9 13. 4 18. 0 22. 2 31.9 2005 28. 8 35. 8 42. 5 46. 2 46. 1 43. 1 37. 4 26. 9 25. 1 17. 0 17. 1 24. 4 32.5 2004 28. 3 34. 0 42. 3 45. 6 46. 1 43. 5 39. 0 29. 6 17. 1 16. 4 15. 8 21. 7 31.6 2003 29. 0 35. 9 41. 4 45. 6 46. 8 42. 8 39. 0 28. 5 19. 9 17. 7 18. 2 24. 9 32.5 2002 26. 1 34. 3 42. 4 45. 8 43. 3 39. 6 29. 4 20. 6 17. 7 19. 2 23. 2 32.3 2001 30. 7 36. 7 42. 8 45. 2 47. 9 42. 7 37. 7 28. 3 20. 4 17. 1 18. 0 23. 9 32.6 2000 31. 0 37. 0 42. 4 47. 0 47. 2 42. 9 35. 4 27. 1 19. 2 17. 9 17. 5 23. 6 32.4 1999 24. 7 37. 3 44. 2 45. 4 46. 7 44. 2 38. 2 28. 4 20. 1 16. 8 17. 0 21. 8 32.1 1998 28. 2 35. 0 42. 8 45. 2 47. 6 43. 8 38. 0 30. 5 26. 2 19. 9 19. 3 21. 0 33.1 1997 26. 0 35. 0 41. 3 45. 0 44. 8 42. 5 37. 0 26. 6 19. 0 14. 0 17. 8 19. 9 30.7 1996 25. 5 35. 4 41. 2 45. 6 47. 5 43. 8 35. 9 28. 3 23. 0 20. 0 16. 0 20. 0 31.9 1995 26. 8 34. 1 41. 0 43. 9 46. 2 41. 0 36. 0 29. 4 18. 9 16. 8 19. 3 20. 0 31.1 1994 29. 7 35. 3 43. 5 43. 7 45. 3 42. 4 35. 1 27. 0 16. 5 17. 0 18. 7 22. 0 31.4 1993 26. 8 30. 4 40. 5 44. 0 45. 7 43. 2 36. 7 26. 2 20. 8 20. 3 17. 5 20. 4 31.0 Long Term Average 27. 7 35. 0 42. 2 45. 2 46. 5 43. 0 37. 3 28. 3 20. 1 17. 6 17. 9 21. 9

26. Measures to control emissions of air pollutants  Saving of Energy by using fuel Intelligent card.  20 YEARS OLD COOMERCIAL VEHICLES PHASED OUT IN TEHRAN  CITY DIESEL BUSES will be PHASE OUT IN TEHRAN and 7 polluted city.  producing of automobile that its fuel Consumption are low.  Expand the public transportation( rail transportation, metro,....)  Planning in due to Decreasing of population growth.  Expand to using of the natural gasses in Transportation. 10 November 201526

27. Measures to control emissions of air pollutants (con...) * Improvement of emission standards in vehicles and motorcycles produced in country. (Presently the countries standards are EuroII and after Q years later this standard changes to EURO III) * Increasing of Air Pollution measurement station presently these station are 30 in country and these are increasing up to 61 stations that some of them are installed. Tehran city has 15 stations of Air Pollution monitoring that these stations are increasing to 32 stations.

28. Measures to control emissions of air pollutants (con...)  to expand replace of natural gas such as CNG and LPG instead of fossil fuels.  -to decrease the percentage of sulphur in heavy fuels in order to best quality of fossil fuels.  -Increasing in the technical examination of automobiles as one of the important methods of controlling air pollution and notice to persuade people and drivers to it.  To promote the general culture level in optimization of energy consumption 10 November 201528

29. Measures to control emissions of air pollutants (con...) *Allocating-quota fuel consumption criteria in industrial units. - *Activity for setting energy consumption criteria in industrial units. - *Implementation of CDM projects by Department Of the Environment.

30. Impact assessment activities Following of Survey air pollution Impact Assessment on Health. Following of Survey air pollution Impact Assessment on Crops. Corrosion Projects.

31. Survey air pollution Impact Assessment on Health *Information collection regarding mortality due to Air pollution *Establishing continued relation wwithministry of health, cure and medicine training about Exchange of Information. *Recognition of kinds of diseases aroused from air pollution. *Information collection regarding effects of Air Pollutants on human health. *Determining portion of each pollutants about increasing diseases. *Study of the mitigation (reduction) of Air Pollution and presentation of necessary methods.

32. Survey air pollution Impact Assessment on Crops In order to implementation of crop impact project, it is necessary that become into force as a project framework on behalr of Department Of the Environment and for implementation of this project some budgets and facilities should be allocated. Note : (The agreement of DOE authorize members is mandatory ). Keeping in mind that air pollution effects on crop impact isn't an important air pollution problem of country therefore the decision makers have not pay attention to this matter so far one of the expert of DOE contributed in the first related training course but no specific measurement or implementation has been done since now.

33. Corrosion Projects. In order to considering the effect of air pollution on metal corrosion, one station related to this matter was established at the roof of environmental research center building in pardisan copper, on November 2006 In this station, sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone and Nitric acid are measured by passive samplers and the tubes are replaced every 2 months. Finally, these samples are sent to Swedish Environmental Research Center to analyze but we have not received any information about the results till now. The used metals are: Copper, Zinc and steel. Each of them is replaced by another once a year.

34. Corrosion Projects. (con…) Also there are some kinds of stones that are used to investigation about corrosion. They're replaced once a year too. It's necessary to increase the number of these stations, especially in beaches such as north or south of Iran.

35. PLAN FOR THE NEXT 3 YEARS  to Increase the number of air quality monitoring stations in country.  Setting of Regional air quality monitoring centers with supportingOf unep rrc.ap.  Setting meteorological parameters  To establish of Ecological monitoring site for Acidification Impact Assessment on Ecosystems.  Locating of air quality monitoring station based on proper scientific study.  The specific pollutants to be monitor Continuously in back ground and maximum Impacts zones. 10 November 201535

36. PLAN FOR THE NEXT 3 YEARS (cont.)  The micro meteorological condition to be considered for locating new air quality station.  The Periodic training to personnel who are doing air quality monitoring  Attempt to on-line monitoring of considered parameters in monitoring station due to quality assurance and quality accurance of data  Attempt to cooperate with governmental and non governmental organizations  Continuous Monitoring of Pollutant Parameters in large cities.  To study air pollution Impact Assessment on Health and Crops  notice to use of the other energy. 10 November 201536

37. PLAN FOR THE NEXT 3 YEARS (cont...)  to promote the general culture to the environmental pollution problems and do people familiar with their responsibilities in relation to decrease pollutants.  to promote the cultures of economizing in energy consumption.  to improve in consumption system in both of industry and automobiles engine.  to exchange and improve in consumption model and to design a suitable model of energy consumption in country. 10 November 201537

38. THANK YOU 10 November 201538